Tratamiento del prorrateo del IGV y su impacto tributario en la empresa ALM Alimentos Perú S.A.C., año 2024
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Issue Date
2025-11-24Keywords
Prorrateo del IGVCrédito fiscal
Refacturación intra-grupo
Contingencias tributarias
ALM Alimentos
IGV apportionment
Tax credit
Intra-group re-invoicing
Tax contingencies
ALM Food
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Show full item recordAbstract
El presente trabajo analiza una problemática tributaria derivada de la aplicación inadecuada del prorrateo del Impuesto General a las Ventas (IGV). A partir de la revisión de información interna (declaraciones PDT 621, registros contables, contratos y comprobantes) y entrevistas semiestructuradas con responsables internos y especialistas externos, se identifica que la convivencia de operaciones gravadas y exoneradas, junto con prácticas de refacturación intra-grupo, generó un uso indebido del crédito fiscal, omisión de IGV y un aumento del gasto tributario que afectó la rentabilidad y la liquidez de ALM Alimentos PERU S.A.C. Luego de analizar el caso propuesto, se proponen tres alternativas de solución: (1) fortalecimiento del control interno y capacitación tributaria; (2) revisión y reestructuración de la política de refacturación intra-grupo; y (3) regularización voluntaria de periodos afectados. Mediante un análisis comparativo costo beneficio se selecciona la alternativa 2 por su capacidad para atacar la causa estructural del problema y generar ahorros mensuales relevantes en IGV no aprovechable. El estudio concluye con recomendaciones prácticas para implementar la reestructuración de refacturación y complementar su efecto con controles internos y regularización, contribuyendo a una gestión tributaria coherente y sostenible.This paper analyzes a tax problem arising from the improper application of the General Sales Tax (IGV) proration. Based on the review of internal information (PDT 621 declarations, accounting records, contracts, and vouchers) and semi-structured interviews with internal managers and external specialists, it is identified that the coexistence of taxed and exempt transactions, together with intra-group re-invoicing practices, generated an improper use of the tax credit, omission of IGV and an increase in tax expenditures that affected the profitability and liquidity of ALM Alimentos PERU S.A.C. After analyzing the proposed case, three alternative solutions are proposed: (1) strengthening of internal control and tax training; (2) review and restructuring of the intra-group re-invoicing policy; and (3) voluntary regularization of affected periods. Through a comparative cost-benefit analysis, alternative 2 is selected due to its ability to address the structural cause of the problem and generate significant monthly savings in unusable IGV. The study concludes with practical recommendations for implementing restructuring and complementing its effect with internal controls and regularization, contributing to consistent and sustainable tax management.
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