ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE COMORBILIDADES Y EL GRADO DE SEVERIDAD DE COVID-19 EN PACIENTES MENORES DE 18 AÑOS EN EL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD DEL NIÑO DE SAN BORJA (LIMA, PERÚ) DURANTE EL 2020 - 2021
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Advisors
Marzal Meléndez, MiguelIssue Date
2025-02-26
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Association between comorbidities and the severity of COVID-19 in patients under 18 years old at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de San Borja (Lima, Peru) during 2020 - 2021Abstract
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre comorbilidades y el grado de severidad de COVID-19 en pacientes menores de 18 años hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de San Borja (INSN- SB) durante el 2020-2021. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico con 143 pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con SARS-COV-2 confirmados mediante RT-PCR o pruebas rápidas de IgM/IgG. Se analizaron datos clínicos y sociodemográficos, evaluando la relación entre comorbilidades (neurológicas, cardiovasculares, gastrointestinales, respiratorias y obesidad) y severidad del COVID-19. Resultados: El 72.03% de pacientes presentaron comorbilidades, predominando las gastrointestinales (22.38%). Del total de casos en estudio, los casos severos/críticos fueron los más frecuentes (33.57%), con una mortalidad mayor en niños con comorbilidad (12.62% vs. 5.00 %). El análisis bivariado mostró una relación significativa entre la severidad y las comorbilidades gastrointestinal, cardiovascular y obesidad (p < 0.05). En el análisis multivariado, la comorbilidad gastrointestinal se asoció con menor severidad (OR=18.83, p=0.002) al igual que la variable edad de 61 a 132 meses (OR=0.39, p=0.04). Estos hallazgos resaltan la influencia protectora de ciertas comorbilidades y la edad en la severidad de COVID-19. Conclusión: La comorbilidad gastrointestinal y la edad entre 61 y 132 meses están asociadas con menor severidad de COVID-19 en pacientes pediátricos. Sin embargo, no se halló relación significativa con otras variables como comorbilidades neurológicas, cardiovasculares, respiratorias, obesidad, sexo, y el periodo de la pandemia (2020-2021).Objective: Evaluate the association between comorbidities and the severity of COVID-19 in patients under 18 years of age hospitalized at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de San Borja (INSN- SB) during 2020-2021. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted with 143 pediatric patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, confirmed by RT-PCR or rapid IgM/IgG tests. Clinical and sociodemographic data were analyzed to assess the relationship between comorbidities (neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and obesity) and COVID-19 severity. Results: A total of 72.03% of patients had comorbidities, with gastrointestinal conditions being the most common (22.38%). Among all cases studied, severe/critical cases were the most frequent (33.57%), with higher mortality observed in children with comorbidities (12.62% vs. 5.00%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between severity and gastrointestinal, cardiovascular comorbidities, and obesity (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, gastrointestinal comorbidities were associated with lower severity (OR = 18.83, p = 0.002), as was the age group of 61 to 132 months (OR = 0.39, p = 0.04). These findings highlight the protective influence of certain comorbidities and age on COVID-19 severity. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal comorbidities and age between 61 and 132 months are associated with lower COVID-19 severity in pediatric patients. However, no significant relationship was found with other variables, such as neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory comorbidities, obesity, sex, or the pandemic period (2020-2021).
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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