GINGIVECTOMÍA LÁSER PARA MANTENER LA SALUD PERIODONTAL EN PACIENTES CON ORTODONCIA FIJA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA.
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Authors
Caracela Zeballos Blacker KevinIssue Date
2025-01-06Keywords
Láser de diodoGingivectomía con láser
Ortodoncia
Salud periodontal
Diode laser
Laser gingivectomy
Orthodontics
Periodontal health
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Laser Gingivectomy for Maintaining Periodontal Health in Fixed Orthodontic Patients: A Systematic Review.Abstract
Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática evalúa el efecto de la gingivectomía láser en la mejora de los parámetros de salud periodontal en pacientes con agrandamiento gingival debido a aparatos de ortodoncia fijos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en 3 bases de datos sin restricciones de idioma ni fecha. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos que incluyeron pacientes con agrandamiento gingival (GE) o hiperplasia inducida por tratamiento de ortodoncia fija y tratados mediante gingivectomía láser, cirugía convencional (bisturí) o tratamiento periodontal no quirúrgico (NSPT) con respecto a parámetros periodontales como sangrado al sondaje, profundidad de sondaje, inflamación gingival, entre otros. Resultados: De los 363 artículos recuperados inicialmente, sólo 6 fueron incluidos después de la evaluación del texto completo. Sin embargo, se consideró que todos los estudios tenían un alto riesgo de sesgo. Se detectó que los parámetros periodontales (sangrado al sondaje, profundidad del sondaje, inflamación gingival) fueron significativamente más bajos en el grupo tratado con láser en comparación con la NSPT. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el uso de láser o bisturí; sin embargo, el grupo con láser ofreció una curación más rápida y redujo las complicaciones posoperatorias. Conclusiones: Dentro de las limitaciones de esta revisión sistemática, el uso complementario de la gingivectomía láser a la NSPT, para el tratamiento del GE inducido por un tratamiento de ortodoncia fija, ofrece resultados clínicos favorables en la mejora de los parámetros de salud periodontal. Además, ofrece una curación más rápida, menos sangrado, menos hinchazón gingival y dolor postoperatorio, y mayor comodidad para el paciente en comparación con la cirugía convencional.Objective: This systematic review evaluates the effect of laser gingivectomy on the improvement of periodontal health parameters in patients with gingival enlargement due to fixed orthodontic appliances Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted in 3 databases without language or date restrictions. Clinical trials involving patients with gingival enlargement (GE) or hyperplasia induced by fixed orthodontic treatment and treated by laser gingivectomy, conventional surgery (scalpel) or non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) were included regarding periodontal parameters such as bleeding on probing, probing depth, gingival inflammation, among others. Results: From the 363 articles initially retrieved, only 6 were included after evaluation of the full text. However, all studies were considered to have a high risk of bias. It was detected that periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing, probing depth, gingival inflammation) were significantly lower in the laser-treated group when compared to NSPT. No statistically significant differences were observed between the use of laser or scalpel; however, the laser group offered faster healing and reduced postoperative complications. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this systematic review, the adjunctive use of laser gingivectomy to NSPT, for the treatment of GE induced by fixed orthodontic treatment offers favorable clinical results in the improvement of periodontal health parameters. In addition, it offers faster healing, less bleeding, less gingival swelling and postoperative pain, and better comfort for the patient compared with conventional surgery.
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