Embarazo en la adolescencia como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de preeclampsia: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en primigestas de un Hospital Materno Infantil de Junín, Perú (2018-2021)
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Advisors
Carreazo Pariasca, Nilton YhuriIssue Date
2024-11-18
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Adolescent pregnancy as a risk factor for the development of pre-eclampsia: Retrospective cohort study in primiparous women from a Maternal and Child Hospital in Junín, Peru (2018-2021)Additional Links
https://audio.com/raupc/audio/16353Abstract
Objetivos: analizar el riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia en adolescentes embarazadas en un hospital de Junín, Perú. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva de 504 gestantes atendidas en el período 2018-2021 en el Hospital Regional Docente Materno Infantil "El Carmen" Junín, Perú. El grupo de estudio se compuso por adolescentes (10-19 años) y se compararon con las adultas (20-35 años). Se incluyeron gestantes de más de 20 semanas de gestación entre 10 a 35 años, nulíparas y con un registro de normo tensión previa a las 20 semanas de embarazo. Se excluyeron gestantes con embarazo multifetal, con antecedentes personales de diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial y antecedente familiar de preeclampsia. Se calculó RR ajustado por estado nutricional materno, consumo de tabaco e ITU. Resultados: De acorde a nuestro objetivo principal no se evidenció una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las adolescentes de 10-19 años y el desarrollo de preeclampsia con un RR de 1.77 ( IC 95% 0-76-4.14%).En relación con los objetivos secundarios, se encontró que las pacientes con bajo peso tenían 2.45 riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia con un RR de 2.45 (IC 95% 0.87-6.9) y las pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad fueron factores protectores para el desarrollo de preeclampsia sin significancia estadística, por lo que no se logró establecer dicha relación. Respecto a la asociación entre el consumo de tabaco y preeclampsia, se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa.Se evidenció que el consumo de tabaco incrementa notablemente el riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia con un RR de 4.79 (IC 95% 1.4-4.14).Por último no se evidenció una asociación significativa entre ITU y preeclampsia con un RR de 0.81 (IC 95% 0.25-2.62). Conclusión: No se ha encontrado una asociación significativa entre la adolescencia y el desarrollo de preeclampsia en esta muestra, aunque la posibilidad de una relación podría estar limitada por el tamaño del grupo estudiado. Asimismo, no se observó asociación con las variables de bajo peso, sobrepeso, obesidad e ITU. Sin embargo, el consumo de tabaco sí demostró ser un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de preeclampsia.Objectives: to analyze the risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnant adolescents in a hospital in Junín, Peru. Methods: retrospective cohort study of 504 pregnant women treated in the period 2018-2021 at the Regional Maternal and Child Teaching Hospital "El Carmen" Junín, Peru. The study group was made up of adolescents (10-19 years) and they were compared with adults (20-35 years). Pregnant women with more than 20 weeks of gestation between 10 and 35 years old, nulliparous and with a record of normal tension prior to 20 weeks of pregnancy were included. Pregnant women with a multifetal pregnancy, with a personal history of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension and a family history of preeclampsia were excluded. RR adjusted for maternal nutritional status, tobacco use, and UTI was calculated. Results: In accordance with our main objective, there was no evidence of a statistically significant association between adolescents aged 10-19 years and the development of preeclampsia with a RR of 1.77 (95% CI 0-76-4.14%). In relation to the objectives secondary, it was found that low weight patients had a 2.45 risk of developing preeclampsia with a RR of 2.45 (95% CI 0.87-6.9) and overweight and obese patients were protective factors for the development of preeclampsia without statistical significance, therefore that this relationship could not be established. Regarding the association between tobacco consumption and preeclampsia, a statistically significant relationship was found. It was evidenced that tobacco consumption significantly increases the risk of developing preeclampsia with a RR of 4.79 (95% CI 1.4-4.14). Lastly, no a significant association was found between UTI and preeclampsia with a RR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.25-2.62). Conclusion: No significant association was found between adolescence and the development of preeclampsia in this sample, although the possibility of a relationship could be limited by the size of the study group. Likewise, no association was observed with the variables of underweight, overweight, obesity and UTI. However, tobacco use did prove to be an important risk factor for the development of preeclampsia.
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