Ingeniería Ambiental
Recent Submissions
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Tropical contamination by hydrocarbons: Biotechnological perspective for the remediation of soils in forests, application case Peruvian Amazon, Bagua - Imaza(Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2023-01-01)The objective of the present investigation is to publicize the situation of the forests with respect to the contamination of soils by hydrocarbons. The biotechnological processes applied to soil bioremediation and the feasibility of applying them in the country were investigated. Hydrocarbons are the major contaminants due to their resistance to biodegradation and their ability to bioaccumulate in the soil. In the world it is estimated that around 2,381,000 barrels of oil are spilled per year due to spills. Similarly, only in the Peruvian Amazon there have been 566 oil spills and from 1997 to 2021 87,370.82 barrels of oil have been spilled. All this has caused social conflicts and loss of species. In the case of the Bagua province, Imaza district, Inayo annex that crosses the Norperuano Pipeline, many times due to mismanagement, the pipeline has suffered ruptures and subsequent hydrocarbon leaks. The purpose of the study is to publicize in-situ bioremediation techniques, bioventing, bioaugmentation and biostimulation, and ex-situ Technology remediation techniques such as biopiles and landfarming. As well as the phytoremediation technique. The comparative result of the techniques showed the lines of thought that led to the selection of the most appropriate technique for the Amazonian soil of study.Acceso abierto
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Variation in the concentration of heavy metals due to rains and floods in the Rimac river basin, Lima-Peru(Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2023-01-01)The urban agglomeration of Lima and Callao is the second largest city in the world located in a desert, and its supply depends on three small rivers, the Rímac River being the one with the greatest water supply, affected by contamination by mining tailings, sewage and Solid waste. In order to know the climatological and hydrographic conditions that favor the concentration of heavy metals in the water, the relationship between rainfall, water discharges and concentration of aluminum, cadmium, iron and lead in the Rímac River hydrographic system in the period 2018-2021. For which data processing was carried out from six meteorological stations, a water quality monitoring point and four limnimetric stations, through dynamic tables. As a result, it was found that the concentration of heavy metals is higher in the lower basin when rainfall and river level increase in localities of the Alto Rímac sub-basin, which presents intense mining activity, unlike the Santa Eulalia sub-basin. river where there are no large-scale mining operations, whose records present weaker relationships with the concentration of heavy metals. In conclusion, the highest concentration of heavy metals in the lower basin occurs during the months with the most intense rains in the headwaters of the basin, as the dragging capacity increases during the flooding of rivers and streams, allowing concentrations to exceed up to 120 times the quality standards for the production of drinking water.Acceso abierto
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Model to increase the profitability of micro and small businesses through the digital transformation of contact channels using Sales Funnels and Adaptive Sales in the post-COVID-19 era(Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2023-01-01)Commercial enterprises carry out activities in which goods or services are exchanged for money, which allows them to keep operating by recovering their investment to continue producing goods or services, thus promoting the growth of the economy; This process feeds the generation of employment, satisfaction of consumer needs and development of products and services of societies. Of the total number of commercial organizations operating in the world, 90% are micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), and in the Peruvian case the importance of this type of companies is even greater since they represent 85% of employment and contribute to 84% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP); Specifically, micro and small enterprises represent 95.8% of the country's companies. However, despite their importance, only 10% of these companies manage to pass the 10-month operating period, due to their low level of competitiveness. There are several factors that affect this performance, however, it has been identified that 90% of companies consider that in order to operate properly they must develop marketing and sales processes supported by digital businesses. To overcome these deficiencies, it has been established as the main objective in the following research to implement an agile and efficient model based on customer segmentation and adaptive sales generation using Digital Transformation with the aim of improving sales, reducing customer service times, improving customer acquisition and customer development, through efficient management processes.Acceso abierto
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REMOTE SENSING EVALUATION OF THE EXPANSION OF THE PALCACOCHA LAKE AND GLACIAL RETREAT IN THE CORDILLERA BLANCA - PERU(Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2023-01-01)The increasing formation of glacial lakes and their expansion in recent years increases the risk of alluviums due to glacial lakes outburst floods in high tropical mountains, such as the one that destroyed part of the city of Huaraz in 1941 in the Cordillera Blanca, of the central Andes of Peru. Given the danger faced by the more than 130,000 people who inhabit the alluvial fan of Quilcay River, were analyzed the interannual variation of the surface of the Palcacocha Lake, the glacial surface of its micro-basin and the variation of the surrounding climate between the years 1984 and 2022, to determine the relationships that would exist between these variables, as an indicator of the risk of flooding due to overflow of the lake. For this, the surface of the lakes and the area of the glacier were calculated with multispectral Landsat images and compared with the result of the processing of meteorological data from the Recuay, Milpo, and Anta stations, using the data obtained from the Google Earth Engine application and data reported in bibliographic sources, for validation. A period of strong expansion of the lake was found until 2012 and a trend of loss of glacier surface; in addition, to a strong relationship between the expansion of the Palcacocha lake and the annual increase in global mean temperature. Likewise, a strong El Niño-Southern Oscillation event led to the growth of Lake Palcacocha due to increased rainfall and greater glacier retreat.Acceso abierto