Recent Submissions

  • Pattern Mining and Classification Techniques for Agriculture and Crop Simulation

    Rozas-Acurio, Javier; Zavaleta-Salazar, Sergio; Ugarte, Willy (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    Research shows that data analysis and artificial intelligence applied to agriculture in Peru can help manage crop production and mitigate monetary losses. This work presents SmartAgro, a system based on pattern mining and classification techniques that takes information from multiple sources related to the agricultural process to extract knowledge and produce recommendations about the crop growth process. The problem we seek to mitigate with our system is the economic losses generated in Peruvian agriculture caused by poor crop planning. Our results show a high accuracy in regards to type of crop recommendation, and a knowledge base useful for agricultural planning.
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  • Peruvian Sign Language Recognition Using Recurrent Neural Networks

    Barrientos-Villalta, Geraldine Fiorella; Quiroz, Piero; Ugarte, Willy (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    Deaf people generally face difficulties in their daily lives when they try to communicate with hearing people, this is due to the lack of sign language knowledge in the country. Deaf people have to go on their everyday lives in company of a interpreter to be able to communicate, even wanting to go to buy bread every morning becomes a challenge for them and being treated in health centers also becomes a challenge, a challenge which should not exist since they have the fundamental right to health. For that reason this paper attempts to present a system for dynamic sign recognition for Peruvian Sign Language and our main goal is to detect which model and processing technique is the most appropriate to solve this problem. So that this system can be used in deaf people everyday life and help them communicate. There have been many projects around the world trying to address this situation. However, each Sign Language is unique in its own way and, therefore, a global and complete solution is not possible. There have also been similar projects in Peru, but all of them share the same flaw of only recognizing static signs. Since sign language is not just the static signs like the alphabet, a solution which addresses also words that can be used in sentences is needed. For this a dynamic recognition is needed, and this is the system that will be presented in this paper.
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  • Content Richness, Perceived Price, and Perceived Ease of Use in Relation to the Satisfaction Level and Brand Equity in Streaming Platforms

    Dextre-Mamani, Romina; Pérez-Arce, Belén; Zubiria, Manuel Luis Lodeiros (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    Streaming platforms have become popular in recent years, where consumers can view personalized content at any time on the device of their choice. Many brands in this market have been fighting to win more market share. It was seen how they improved their strategies based on several factors such as price, ease of use, content richness, or brand equity. Users tend to have high satisfaction with the streaming platform depending on what brand offers what they value the most. The objective of this study was to find the relationships that the variables content richness (CR), perceived price (PR), perceived ease of use (PEOU), brand equity (BE), and user satisfaction (US) have within this market. The study population was made up of subscribers of streaming platforms in Peru, in which the sample was 400 subscribers who used streaming platforms for more than 6 months. The methodology used was a PLS-SEM analysis using the SmartPLS 3 tool to answer the hypotheses raised in the study. All the scale items were measured by a 7-point Likert scale. The results from the investigation indicated that brand equity was significantly influenced by both content richness and perceived ease of use. Moreover, brand equity and user satisfaction have a high significance between them. This may be since users now value more the richness of content and ease of use on streaming platforms. However, the perceived price was not significantly predictive of brand equity, it could be because some streaming platforms offer more than one pricing plan and the perceptions disperse even more than with the other variables. Overall findings suggest reinforcing the relationships between CR and BE, since there have not been previous investigations.
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  • A Comparative Analysis on the Summarization of Legal Texts Using Transformer Models

    Núñez-Robinson, Daniel; Talavera-Montalto, Jose; Ugarte, Willy (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    Transformer models have evolved natural language processing tasks in machine learning and set a new standard for the state of the art. Thanks to the self-attention component, these models have achieved significant improvements in text generation tasks (such as extractive and abstractive text summarization). However, research works involving text summarization and the legal domain are still in their infancy, and as such, benchmarks and a comparative analysis of these state of the art models is important for the future of text summarization of this highly specialized task. In order to contribute to these research works, the researchers propose a comparative analysis of different, fine-tuned Transformer models and datasets in order to provide a better understanding of the task at hand and the challenges ahead. The results show that Transformer models have improved upon the text summarization task, however, consistent and generalized learning is a challenge that still exists when training the models with large text dimensions. Finally, after analyzing the correlation between objective results and human opinion, the team concludes that the Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) [13] metrics used in the current state of the art are limited and do not reflect the precise quality of a generated summary.
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  • Web Brutalism: Assessing Usability of an Ugly Web

    Palacios, Antonio (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    Brutalist websites are a contemporary trend that uses anti-aesthetic interface elements to create a high-impact visual product. Since the web is a communications product, this research sought to understand if the aesthetics of Brutalist sites overshadow their usability, defined as the ability of a user to effortlessly navigate through the contents of a digital interface to achieve a goal or retrieve information. Triangulation was applied to obtain a solid understanding of the problem. Consequently, three experiments were conducted on a Brutalist website using a group of thirty-one participants. First, Nielsen’s Attributes of Usability Questionnaire (NAU), a test that focuses on five key aspects of usability: learning, efficiency, memorisation, errors, and satisfaction. Second, Brooke’s System Usability Scale (SUS) test to gain deeper insight into the users’ perspective. Third, the Thinking Aloud (TA) protocol to obtain qualitative information to complement the first two experiments. After analysing the data of the NAU and SUS experiments, a numeric score was given to the perused website to objectively evaluate its usability and assign it to five categories, ranging from Deficient (E) to Excellent (A). Those results were complemented by the TA protocol. The findings highlight difficulties to retrieve information, navigation issues, and a lack of orientation. The use of an unconventional graphical user interface impacts the user experience. This study demonstrates that heuristics are necessary to develop robust interfaces and that deviating from these norms is detrimental to the user experience. The visual features of Brutalist websites, though striking, do not deliver a user-centred project.
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  • Transmedia in Higher Education. A qualitative research

    Gomero, Giancarlo; Ibáñez, Daniel Barredo; Ruiz, Javier Hernández (University of La Laguna, 2023-01-02)
    SciVal Topics Metrics Funding details Abstract Introduction: The relation between education and transmedia storytelling has been developed through diverse paths and based on different criteria, such as genre, source, temporality, and the given education level observed. The present study aims to contribute to the understanding of ongoing processes that transmedia storytelling is going through, and its space in higher education on both sides of the Atlantic. Methodology: With this goal, a structured interview was designed and validated, addressing 21 academic directors and experts in the field of communication and interactive media in higher education in Latin America, Spain, and Portugal. Results: The findings show a current map of transmedia storytelling in universities through the observation of its human and material resources, as well as evidencing discussions on terminological and conceptual points of view and, consequently, their instrumentalization in praxis. Discussion and Conclusions: These findings also show a progressive advance in the presence of transmedia storytelling higher education curriculums, and an academic void, pointed out by faculty members, regarding concrete training initiatives from their university centers, aimed at them as current teachers and researchers.
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  • Cross-cultural validation of 'Students' knowledge and use of digital technology during the COVID-19 pandemic' questionnaire to the Peruvian context

    Chavez-Chuquimango, Maria; Tomas-Rojas, Ambrosio; Gallardo-Echenique, Eliana (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022-01-01)
    To obtain useful, valid, and reliable results, it is essential to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation process when using measurement instruments developed in other cultures, contexts, and populations with a different language from the original one. An instrumental study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the 'Students' knowledge and use of digital technology during the COVID-19 pandemic' questionnaire, developed in another context and different culture from the original one. The participants were 139 students of the Communications program of a private higher education institute in Lima, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The study presents a proposal consisting of eight factors and 56 items, as opposed to the original structure composed of seven factors and 77 items. The analyses show that the instrument is valid and reliable among the population under study.
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  • University teachers' self-perception of digital research competencies. A qualitative study conducted in Peru

    Suyo-Vega, Josefina Amanda; Meneses-La-Riva, Monica Elisa; Fernández-Bedoya, Víctor Hugo; Ocupa-Cabrera, Hitler Giovanni; Alvarado-Suyo, Sofía Almendra; da Costa Polonia, Ana; Miotto, Angélica Inês; Gago-Chávez, Johanna de Jesús Stephanie (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-10-06)
    Previous research warns about the limitations that some university teachers in Ibero-America have in relation to digital research competencies. The objective of this research was to analyze the research competencies from the university teacher's self-perception, contrasted with the classroom evaluation. The study had a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted via the Zoom virtual platform, and recordings (of an average of 4 h each) of classes delivered by 10 teachers with an average age of 58 years old, in charge of scientific research courses at the postgraduate level in Peruvian universities were analyzed. The instruments used included an in-depth interview guide and a checklist. The results show that university teachers perceive themselves as specialists in the area of research, however, they present limitations when transmitting knowledge during the teaching-learning process. There is evidence of a lack of pedagogy, as well as limitations in the use of digital resources and technological tools due to their resistance to change. The conclusions reveal that it is key to make teachers aware of the paradigm shift, with a teaching that includes as digital competencies: knowing how to create and manipulate data, knowing how to use programs and information systems, knowing how to socialize and collaborate in digital environments, knowing how to exercise and respect a digital citizenship, knowing how to manage knowledge assertively, and, as we propose in this paper, knowing how to be a researcher in a digital environment.
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  • Transformations in Framing and the Journalistic Production of Peruvian Television Newscasts During the covid-19 Pandemic

    Karbaum-Padilla, Gerardo (Universidad del Rosario, 2023-01-01)
    As soon as the spread of the covid-19 began, the media’s information production was affected by social distancing restrictions and journalists were exposed health hazards in an attempt to carry out their jobs. This study aims at learning about the transformations undergone by the television newscasts production in Peru, one of the most affected countries by the pandemic at a global level. Qualitative methods were applied through semi-structured interviews with journalists working during the said period, obtaining results that evince the implementation of several devices and unconventional or unsuitable television processes. This issue is cross-sectional through the three audiovisual production stages—namely, pre-production, media coverage, and post-production—a situation that has never taken place so intensely and permanently. All this leads to the conclusion that the newscasts production had to resort to the hybridization of technologies and procedures to continue performing their duties in such an unexpected and complex context.
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  • Digital Activism on YouTube. The Representation of Power and Counter-Power Relations in a Video Activism Piece During the Second Round of the 2021 Presidential Elections in Peru

    Rantes-García, G. M.; Vite-León, V. O. (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)
    Digital media has become a fundamental part of today's communication, and video activism is no stranger to this. This research analyzes the video “Elecciones generales 2da vuelta”, by the digital animator POLOVERDE ART, from a sociological perspective. This piece of digital activism, uploaded to YouTube, satirically narrates the political-electoral situation in Peru during 2021. This article seeks to delve into the relations of power and counter-power embodied in this video, investigating the video's comments on the platform. The methodology is based on social constructivism and thematic analysis, through which rejection of the electoral candidates was identified, as well as the congress, while the then president was supported by YouTube users. This concludes that, in this piece of digital activism, the traditional roles of power and counter-power are inverted, showing a president as a symbol of counter-power, while the opposition comes to represent power, within a technological environment of free opinion.
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  • Narrative, Interactions, and Insights of Youth Participation in Digital Health Communities

    Meza-Contreras, M. J.; Espinoza-Robles, L. T. (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)
    This paper has as main objective to analyze the participation of young people in digital communities that provide them with medical information and emotional support. The digital communities of two influencers on Instagram were analyzed: Anahí De Cárdenas (Peru) and Belén Canalejo (Spain). The influencers were selected because they have publicly presented the breast cancer they suffered and used their networks to provide support to users through their treatment’s diffusion, in the case of Anahí, and positive messages about mental health, in the case of Belén. A qualitative analysis was used that allowed to collect information from their followers. An ethnographic study was carried out in which the in-depth interview technique was applied to 6 users who belong to said communities. Likewise, the content analysis technique was applied in 3 videos and 3 podcasts published by the influencers with a high interaction of the followers. The results showed that young people participation in digital health communities is sustained by clearly identifiable narratives in each influencer related to trust and support. Likewise, in the interactions it was evidenced that the disease sustains the empathy of the followers, even more so if the follower has or has had the disease. Finally, in the insights of the users, the promotion of values ​​such as generosity and equality is evident, since they see themselves as peers and promote chains of support toward the influencer and among themselves. Illness as a reality or possibility eliminates any difference or situation of inequality. This article contributes to the line of research on digital communities and health, delving into the use of social networks such as Instagram in order to address issues that contribute to the development and well-being of people.
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  • Technological Innovations in the Production of Peruvian Television Newscasts During the Emergence of Covid-19

    Karbaum-Padilla, G. (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)
    The outbreak of Covid-19 imposed radical changes in all human activities and television journalism was no exception. This study aims to analyze the innovations that were applied by television journalists in Peru in order to continue practicing their work in one of the countries hardest hit by the pandemic. The applied methodology was qualitative, semi-structured interviews were carried out which allowed knowing the innovations that were applied to overcome the dangers and sanitary restrictions. As a result, it was obtained that the journalists hybridized their teams and production methods with non-television technologies such as video calls, mobile phones, or the implementation of telework to continue producing television news in a context for which they were never prepared.
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  • Gender Violence in Social Networks. Analysis of the Interaction Generated by the Hashtag #MeGustaLaVidaSocial on Instagram

    Revelo-Fernández, C. F.R.; Vite-León, V. O. (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)
    Social networks have become a space used by contemporary social movements, which have found in them a place for the practice of cyberactivism. The objective of this research is to analyze the interaction generated around the publications on Instagram with the hashtag #MeGustaLaVidaSocial, a phenomenon that originated as a result of a complaint on social networks in October 2020. The methodology used in the study is based on the qualitative approach through the technique of content and thematic analysis of the publications made on Instagram. The research allowed us to know the communicative practices, visibility and reach, frames and values and affinity and support that were generated around the phenomenon. Finally, we concluded that the interaction generated enabled a space where users shared their experiences based on gender-based violence; in addition to being a potential niche for public opinion and the advertising.
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  • Educational policies in response to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus in Latin America: An integrative documentary review

    Suyo-Vega, Josefina Amanda; Meneses-La-Riva, Monica Elisa; Fernández-Bedoya, Víctor Hugo; Alarcón-Martínez, Maricela; Ocupa-Cabrera, Hitler Giovanni; Alvarado-Suyo, Sofía Almendra; Polonia, Ana da Costa; Miotto, Angélica Inês (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-08-01)
    Educational policies in the face of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus took an unexpected turn in Latin America. Virtuality constituted a key opportunity for the continuity of basic fundamental services in the citizen’s right to education. The objective of this research was to analyze the educational public policies adopted by governments in Latin America in the face of the pandemic. The methodology was an integrative documentary review of the main international organizations whose documents provided relevant information on the actions to be implemented in fourteen Latin American countries. The results obtained show that the priority was to reestablish the continuity of educational services using mass communication resources, such as radio, television, digital platforms, making visible the inequity in the access to the Internet at home. It was also identified a deficiency in the competencies and digital resources of the educational community, dis-crimination and inclusion of people with some type of disability or different languages, especially in urban or rural areas because they do not have technological means. It was concluded that the educational policies in Latin America proposed during the COVID-19 period were designed with-out a real situational diagnosis in each country, to meet the demands of urban and rural areas in an equitable manner with the will of governments, providing budgets and resources that benefit the educational community, as an achievement of state policies.
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  • Mental Health Projects for University Students: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature Available in Portuguese, English, and Spanish

    Suyo-Vega, Josefina Amanda; Meneses-La-Riva, Monica Elisa; Fernández-Bedoya, Víctor Hugo; Polonia, Ana da Costa; Miotto, Angélica Inês; Alvarado-Suyo, Sofía Almendra; Ocupa-Cabrera, Hitler Giovanni; Alarcón-Martínez, Maricela (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-07-11)
    The mental health of college students has been the source of research, projects, and public policies involving education, health, and psychology professionals. Having as its axis the study of mental health and the phenomenon of psychological illness, this systematic review aims to characterize mental health programs directed to college students, as well as the forms of interventions offered to reduce the incidence of psychological disorders. From the proposal, a survey was conducted in the databases Scopus, Lilacs, and the repository Alicia, in the period between 2010 and 2021, choosing the search phrase “Programas de saúde mental para universitários” in Portuguese, “Mental health projects for university students” in English, and “Proyectos en salud mental para estudiantes universitarios” in Spanish. The research areas spanned humanities and social sciences, with peer-reviewed and open access articles. The questions that instigated the study were as follows: What are the mental health problems affecting college students? What type of strategy has been adopted to map the demands of university students in relation to mental illness? How can the university space reorganize itself to work on interventional-preventive aspects, according to the studies? Initially, 740 203 articles were obtained, and after sifting through 13 productions, using the PRISMA systematization. Despite several research interrelating mental health and university space, most were dedicated to data collection, using questionnaires, inventories, and scales, standardized and non-standardized. Only three studies described intervention projects and programs to reduce the problems of psychological distress in college students. Unanimously, the investigations emphasize the need for monitoring the higher education population regarding mental health and, in parallel, the implementation of institutional public policies to meet the students' demands and reduce the rates of problems in the educational field.
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  • Independent films and streaming platforms: access difficulties for peruvian filmmakers

    Mateo, Jazmin; Gomero, Giancarlo (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has created an uncertain scenario for independent films, forcing them to explore other exhibition opportunities and having streaming as the protagonist. In this context, identifying the access gaps that Peruvian cinema have for entering the international market in a digital environment is a topic of current interest. This article aims to identify the difficulties encountered by Peruvian independent films in order to enter the main platforms (Netflix, HBO, Amazon Prime, among others). The methodology used is based on semi-structured interviews conducted to Peruvian filmmakers who have had the experience of having their films via streaming. In order to understand better the object of study, an in-depth interview was conducted to the General Management of Guarango Cine y Video, which is a production studio specialized in post-production, delivery and preparation of films for digital platform. For analyzing the results, there is a classification proposal of difficulties: technical, economical, production and socio-cultural. These four categories and their effect on film circulation are the central axis of this research. The most important findings of the research suggest that economic issues and the lack of knowledge or planning in terms of distribution possibilities are the main and transversal difficulties encountered by independent Peruvian filmmakers to exhibit on streaming platforms.
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  • The narrative within the interactive documentary for the reconstruction of memory: enforced disappearances in Latin America

    Borja, Lupe Martinez; Casquino, Yasmín Sayán (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    The exposure of social problems such as forced disappearances is necessary for the history of society. The interactive documentary is a new digital proposal for the creation of spaces for the reconstruction of a social memory. In this paper, a content analysis is used to analyze the construction of the interactive narrative for the reconstruction of memory in the webdoc Forensic Landscapes and, with this, to identify its narrative composition in the construction of new spaces for the user’s experience. The interactive documentary generates a shared feeling between the user and the interface due to resources such as hypertextuality, database, narrative elements, representation modalities and interactivity. Thus, immersion is adhered, a new way of exposing a social theme in 360 degrees which recreates a sensory experience within an imaginary universe. Through the story, the memory of the agents involved in forced disappearances in Latin America is reconstructed.
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  • Digital transformation in the distribution and exhibition channels of auteur cinema

    Curi, Jimmy Trevejo; Casquino, Yasmin Sayán (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    Peruvian auteur cinema has faced problems of distribution and cinematographic exhibition in the windows of massive scope. Most of the exhibition windows have been monopolized by big Hollywood productions. Currently, the mandatory confinement due to COVID-19 has accelerated and materialized a digital transformation process that was under development. That is why the main objective of the research seeks to analyze how the digital transformation in the distribution and exhibition channels contributes to Peruvian auteur cinema. In order to carry out this objective, an interpretative research was conducted with a qualitative data methodology. The selected categories were: auteur cinema, digital transformation and distribution and exhibition channels. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with specialists in marketing and film production. In conclusion, from the perspective of the specialists, it is indicated that such transformation allows opening markets and serving audiences that were historically neglected before. Finally, there was a lack of specialization in the different areas of distribution and audience development, demonstrating the importance of the participation of professionals specialized in marketing to lead these processes. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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  • Factors that Influence Media Competence of Female Streamers Audiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Párraga Chávez, Valeria Smilzinia; Vite León, Victor Omar (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    With the arrival of the pandemic, people of all ages have found an alternative in video games to distract themselves. Additionally, streaming (live streaming of game sessions) became a way to earn income from home for creators. This type of content became part of the digital media diet of video game fans, who established a close relationship with streamers and generated different dynamics ranging from the publication of positive comments to strong rejection. Despite the implementation of rules regulating the behavior of streamers on platforms such as Twitch and Facebook, they are not able to control some irregularities, like monitoring negative comments or sexual innuendo during live streams. This has initiated various debates about the correct use of these media that gather people of all ages, from children to adults. In order to know consumers’ points of view, two focus groups were carried out (one with 8 women and another with 14 men) in order to find out the factors that influence the media competence of female streamers’ audience. The study addresses two dimensions: languages and ideology and values. In the languages dimension, although women are aware of harassment, they consider that a person has freedom of behavior during a stream. Men, meanwhile, consider that the way women show themselves in front of the camera allows them to generate money. In the ideology and values dimension, women believe that a female streamer’s behavior should not be questioned or criticized as long as it respects the rules of the community. On the other hand, men consider that the rules are interpreted subjectively, but they are aware that without these practices, the Facebook Gaming platform would not have economic income. To sum up, women take more into account the human side of people who stream while men view these behaviors as a business.
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  • Post-truth of Female Empowerment in the Fake News of Peruvian Reality Shows

    Espinoza-Robles, Lorena Teresa; Aybar-Cabezudo, Oscar Alfredo (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    This study investigates the fake news generated from the content of the reality television format in Peru. This format, by mixing informational or reality elements with fictional elements, contributes to misinformation from the inexhaustible generation of news that, despite being real, falls into the category of fake news. They are considered fake news, not because of their content, but because of the unusual informative relevance assigned on digital social networks. In this way, the reality TV narrative becomes part of the Peruvian imaginary and contributes to misinformation from a news proposal that appeals to post-feminism to actually justify a macho and misogynistic gaze through news that permanently devalues the value of women. Therefore, a qualitative methodology was applied that includes a content analysis of the news related to characters from the reality show Esto es Guerra (Peru), who are considered media figures of mainstream culture, and which have been published in the official Facebook page of the TV program and then in the news portal America Noticias. The composition and visual meanings of the message have been analyzed from a gender perspective. This study opens new lines of research on the study of fake news in the entertainment genre and promotes media literacy in the mass public that consumes the products of this genre.
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