The COVID-19 pandemic spread the virtual mode to the masses through various learning platforms. In higher education, the possibilities offered by these platforms were used to innovate evaluation in e-learning environments. Due to the formative needs of engineering students regarding academic writing, the objective of the research is to determine the impact of virtual formative feedback on the academic literacy of engineering students in a writing course with the support of the virtual learning environments. The study corresponds to a pre-experimental investigation in a sample made up of 39 students. The Wilcoxon signed rank test gave an overall value of -5.388b. Therefore, it demonstrates that formative feedback has a positive impact on the development of academic literacy in the Blackboard virtual environment.

In recent years, technology applied to education has advanced by leaps and bounds; Pressured by the Covid-19 pandemic, it has been necessary to move from face-to-face to virtual, which has required teachers to show the full potential of digital tools, such as visual organizers. The objective of the research was the interpretation of the utility of graphic organizers (GO) for the acquisition of learning in higher education students. The methodology used was qualitative, a type of basic research of hermeneutic design; Through interviews with teachers with expertise in GO, interviews were conducted with teachers with extensive experience in the use of GO, processing the information with AtlasTi. As a result, the relevance of using the GO in higher education teaching was obtained, while emerging categories were obtained that will allow the best interpretation of the study variable. It is concluded that the use of GO has a positive significance in the assimilation of new knowledge to achieve significant learning.

The application of Online Collaborative Learning (ACL) in the classroom is a necessary challenge within the framework of digital literacy to generate relevant learning for life; therefore, it requires proper management. This work focuses on diagnosing the current state of the ACL and identifying its success factors. The applied methodology was a study with a mixed approach, applying the multiple case study method (design) by questionnaire and semi-structured interview to teachers and university students. The scientific contribution of this research is related to the revelation of new ACL-enhancing processes such as the development of critical-reflective thinking, assertive-empathic communication, self-managed responsible empowerment and the realization of proactive online entrepreneurship projects. It is concluded that the strengthening of the teaching digital competence, as well as the institutional role in the digital aspect, could contribute to enhance these success factors of the ACL and address the aforementioned needs.

The COVID-19 pandemic generated high mortality in various countries, which may have had an impact on the mental health of young people. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether the death of a family member or close friend due to COVID-19 generated a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, or moderate/severe stress in university health sciences students in Latin America. This is an analytical cross-sectional study, with secondary data; depression, anxiety, and stress were measured with a validated survey. In addition, data were obtained on the deaths by COVID-19 of family members or close friends, illness and other socio-economic variables. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. It was found that, of the 3304 students, 5.9% (190) had a close relative who had died, 11.2% (363) a distant relative, and 19.8% (641) a friend. According to the multivariate analysis, those students who had a close family member who had died had greater depression (RPa: 1.48; CI 95%: 1.20–1.84; value p < 0.001) and stress (RPa: 1.41; CI 95%: 1.11–1.79; p value = 0.005), in addition, those who had a friend who died had higher levels of anxiety (RPa: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.36; p value =0.005); also, the respondents who suffered from COVID-19 had greater depression (RPa: 1.49; CI 95%: 1.05–2.11; value p = 0.024) and stress (RPa: 1.55; CI 95%: 1.05–2.28, p-value = 0.028). An association was found between suffering from depression, anxiety, or stress, and having suffered the death of a family member or close friend from COVID-19. This finding is an important one for places of education to consider, suggesting a need to generate psychological support programs for students who have lost a loved one during the pandemic, since this could have academic and social repercussions. An association was found between the three mental illnesses studied and the death of a family member or close friend from COVID-19.

Women’s ability to influence in the business sector is characterized by organization and the decisionmaking process. This study analyzes the leadership and empowerment of women entrepreneurs from Lima Norte in Peru. The research is carried out using the quantitative approach methodology; of non-experimental design, cross section, and probabilistic sampling, in which we worked with 70 businesswomen. The survey technique and the questionnaire instrument were used, validated through expert judgment, which obtained a high level of reliability. The results achieved allow us to affirm that empowerment influences the female leadership of businesswomen from Lima Norte in Peru and the individual capacity of each woman highlights autonomy, as well as self-sufficiency that account for empowerment in order to exert influence in the process. decision making It is concluded that the leadership exercised by women has a transformative vision, by providing the ability to influence business decision-making.

La investigación se enmarca en el enfoque ambiental que deben atender las instituciones educativas ante la urgencia que existe de actuar y asumir compromisos ambientales por amenazas ambientales locales, regionales y globales. Entonces, corresponde al docente aplicar estrategias metodológicas en la formación ambiental. La investigación nos brindará información de las acciones que viene realizando el docente desde su área de aprendizaje y poder identificar las estrategias aplicadas que permitan identificar y analizar un problema ambiental de su entorno para promover conciencia ambiental en los estudiantes.

Introduction: This work responds to the need of developing digital skills in teachers, who can take advantage of the different potentialities of technological resources in order to achieve better learning in their students. Objective: To determine the differences between the dimensions of the digital competence of teachers of the School of Health Sciences of a private university in Lima, Peru, according to sociodemographic variables. Methods: A comparative descriptive design was used. It should also be noted that a total population composed of 40 teachers was considered, of which 34 agreed to collaborate in the research. The instrument used to collect information was an adaptation of the Teaching Digital Competence Questionnaire, prepared by Javier Tourón, Deborah Martín, Enrique Navarro, Silvia Pradas and Victoria Íñigo in 2018. In addition, a sociodemographic record was addressed to teachers. Subsequently, statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 25 software. Results: It was found that there were no significant differences between the dimensions of digital competence, according to the sociodemographic variables of sex, age, maximum level of study reached, and years of teaching experience. Even so, the differences evidenced in some of these variables could be subject of future studies. Conclusions: The dimension in which teachers have the greatest problems is security, while the one in which they have the least difficulties is problem solving.

The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the worldwide implementation of telemedicine because of the need for medical care for patients, especially those with chronic diseases. This perspective paper presents the current situation of telemedicine in Peru, showing advances in regulation, cases of successful implementation, and the current challenges. Access to health should be available to all, and more efforts need to be implemented to offer access to the internet to achieve high-quality telemedicine to all the vulnerable groups in Peru.

Life aspirations are considered one of the most relevant components for human beings to give meaning and purpose to their existence. Different studies emphasized the relevance of intrinsic life aspirations to promote life satisfaction. However, few studies analyze the specific role of the intrinsic aspirations that have been recently categorized as self-transcendent. Self-transcendent aspirations are focused on helping others and improving society and, consequently, are considered aspirations whose purpose transcends oneself. In this sense, the objective of this study is to observe how self-transcendent aspirations are related to life satisfaction through dispositional gratitude. Additionally, we aim to study the moderating role of cognitive and affective empathy. There were 1,356 students (mean age = 21.5, standard deviation = 2.35 years) who took part in a scholarship program funded by the Education Ministry of Peru (PRONABEC), of which 57.7% were men and 42.3% were women. Results show a strong relationship between self-transcendent aspirations, gratitude, and cognitive and affective empathy. In the mediation analysis, an indirect effect of self-transcendent aspirations is observed on life satisfaction via gratitude. However, the moderated mediation showed that the addition of cognitive and affective empathy conditions the mediation effect. In this way, cognitive empathy has a significant interaction in the relationships between self-transcendent aspirations and gratitude, and between self-transcendent aspirations and life satisfaction. Results are discussed to emphasize the relevance of the mediating and moderating mechanisms considered in this study for the understanding of how self-transcendent life aspirations may promote life satisfaction.

Self-medication impacts both negatively and positively the health of people, which has become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medicated drugs used for respiratory symptoms, as COVID-19 preventive, for its symptoms or once tested positive. To determine the perception of symptom relief and demographic variables that promote self-medication in Peru. We performed a cross-sectional, analytical, multicenter study in 3792 study respondents on the use, the reason for use, and perception of relief after the use of six drugs during the quarantine period. An online questionnaire was developed, pretested and submitted to the general public. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain factors that influence an individual's desire to self-medicate, associations were considered significant at p < 0.05 and using region (coast, mountain and jungle) as cluster group. The majority of respondents self-medicated with acetaminophen for respiratory symptoms and mainly because they had a cold or flu. It was observed that all the surveyed drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, azithromycin, penicillin, antiretrovirals and hydroxychloroquine) were consumed for various symptoms including: fever, fatigue, cough, sneezing, muscle pain, nasal congestion, sore throat, headache and breathing difficulty. Over 90% of respondents perceived relief of at least one symptom. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older people have a higher frequency of antiretroviral self-medication, respondents who currently have a job had a higher frequency of penicillin self-medication, and that respondents from the Andes consumed less acetaminophen, while the ones from the rainforest consumed it more. There were significant percentages of self-medication, including drugs without sufficient scientific evidence. Age, region where one lived and job status were variables associated with self-medication frequency. Continuous awareness and sensitization about the risks of self-medication are warranted.