Vulnerabilidad a la pobreza multidimensional: Un estudio sobre los hogares peruanos durante el período 2015-2018
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Authors
Bellido Balbuena, Carla IreneAdvisors
Andrade Pinelo, Antonio MiguelIssue Date
2020-06-28
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Vulnerability to multidimensional poverty: A study on Peruvian households during the 2015-2018 periodAbstract
La presente investigación aporta a la literatura económica un enfoque dinámico sobre la vulnerabilidad a la pobreza multidimensional, siendo el primer estudio acerca de este tema que se apoya en técnicas de data panel. Asimismo, la importancia de este análisis radica en la utilización de la pobreza multidimensional como medida de bienestar de los hogares, debido a que, medir la pobreza desde esta perspectiva permite tener el panorama completo de las diferentes carencias que afrontan los pobres al mismo tiempo. En cuanto a la vulnerabilidad, siguiendo el modelo propuesto por Dang y Lanjouw (2014), se estima la probabilidad que tienen los hogares de entrar en una situación de pobreza, y en base a ello, se construye una Línea de Vulnerabilidad que permite identificar a la población vulnerable. Otro aporte importante, es que este enfoque de vulnerabilidad no considera a los hogares pobres que tienen una alta probabilidad de seguir siendo pobres, identificando los determinantes de la entrada a la pobreza. Del estudio realizado a los hogares peruanos durante el período 2015-2018, se concluye que, la pobreza multidimensional abarca al 25% de los hogares frente al 20% que identifica la medida de pobreza tradicional; y que, los hogares vulnerables representan el 28% de los hogares no pobres. Este último porcentaje aumenta con factores como la dependencia económica, hacinamiento de la vivienda y desastres naturales; mientras que, se reduce cuando el jefe del hogar pertenece al sector económico formal, tiene una cuenta financiera y se encuentra afiliado a un sistema de pensiones.This research contributes to the economic literature of a dynamic approach on vulnerability to multidimensional poverty, being the first study on this topic that is supported on data panel techniques. Furthermore, the importance of this paper is based on the analysis of multidimensional poverty as a measure of household well-being, because measuring poverty from this perspective allows us to have a complete overview of poor’s needs on each dimension that is define. Regarding vulnerability, following the model proposed by Dang and Lanjouw (2014), the probability that households have of entering a situation of poverty is estimated and based on this, builds a Vulnerability Line to identify the vulnerable population. Another important input is that this approach doesn’t consider poverty households who has a high estimate of still being poor, by identifying the determinants of the entry to poverty. From the study carried out on Peruvian households during the 2015-2018 period, it is concluded that multidimensional poverty covers 25% of households compared to 20% that identifies the traditional poverty measure; and that vulnerable households represent 28% of non-poor households. This last percentage increases with factors such as economic dependence, overcrowding of housing and natural disasters; while, it is reduced when the head of the household belongs to the formal economic sector, has a financial account and is affiliated with a pension system.
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