RSS 1.0Ingeniería Mecatrónica
Recent Submissions
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Numerical Simulation and Design of a Mechanical Structure of an Ankle Exoskeleton for Elderly People(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-07-01)This article presents the numerical simulation and design of an ankle exoskeleton oriented to elderly users. For the design, anatomical measurements were taken from a user of this age group to obtain an ergonomic, resistant, and exceptionally reliable mechanical structure. In addition, the design was validated to support a “weight range” of users between 50 and 80 kg in order to evaluate the reaction of the mechanism within the range of loads generated in relation to the first principal stress, the safety coefficient, the Von Mises stress, and principal deformations, for which the 3D CAD software Autodesk Inventor and theoretical correlations were used to calculate the displacement and rotation angles of the ankle in the structure. Likewise, two types of materials were evaluated: ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and a polymer reinforced with carbon fiber. Finally, the designed pieces were assembled with the guarantee that the mobility of the system had been validated through the numerical simulation environment, highlighting that by being generated through 3D printing, manufacturing costs are reduced, allowing them to be accessible and ensuring that more people can benefit from this ankle exoskeleton.Acceso abierto
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CNC Simulation and Control System for the Industrial Cutting of Fabric in the Manufacture of Peruvian T-Shirts(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)This research focuses on the development of a simulation and control system for Computer Numerical Control (CNC) designed specifically for small and medium-sized companies in the Peruvian textile industry. The goal is to create a CNC system that optimizes production processes without the need for expensive equipment. This system simulation allows generating cutting paths for multiple fabric pieces belonging to a post, thus optimizing production time and ensuring the safety of the operator. Additionally, the aim is to provide a technological solution for the artisans fabric cutting area. The project is carried out using MATLAB software to simulate different parameters and obtain results of cutting speed and time performed by the CNC machine, based on the size and shape of the piece (in this case, a t-shirt). It has been established that the optimal cutting speed and time for the design presented in this article should be less than 1 cm/s to achieve proper trajectory precision. Otherwise, the pieces may take on a different shape. In summary, this study focuses on developing a CNC simulation and control system accessible to small and medium-sized textile companies in Peru, in order to improve production efficiency and ensure precision in fabric cutting, all through the use of technological tools and MATLAB simulation.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Design of a Cryogenic Duplex Pressure-Swirl Atomizer through CFDs for the Cold Conservation of Marine Products(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-10-01)The following article proposes the design of a bi-centrifugal atomizer that allows the interaction of sprays from two fluids (water and liquid nitrogen). The liquid nitrogen (LN2) is below −195.8 °C, a temperature low enough for the nitrogen, upon contact with the atomized water, to cause heat loss and bring it to its freezing point. The objective is to convert the water droplets present in the spray into ice. Upon falling, the ice particles can be dispersed, covering the largest possible area of the seafood products intended for cold preservation. All these phenomena related to the interaction of two fluids and heat exchange are due to the bi-centrifugal atomizer, which positions the two centrifugal atomizers concentrically, resulting in the inevitable collision of the two sprays. Each of these atomizers will be designed using a mathematical model and CFDs tools. The latter will provide a better study of the flow behavior of both fluids inside and outside the bi-centrifugal atomizer. Hence, the objective revolves around confirming the validity of the mathematical model through a comparison with numerical simulation data. This comparison establishes a strong correlation (with a maximum variance of 1.94% for the water atomizer and 10% for the LN2 atomizer), thereby ensuring precise manufacturing specifications for the atomizers. It is important to highlight that, in order to achieve the enhanced resolution and comprehension of the fluid both inside and outside the duplex atomizer, two types of meshes were utilized, ensuring the utilization of the optimal option. Similarly, the aforementioned meshes were generated using two distinct software platforms, namely ANSYS Meshing (tetrahedral mesh) and ANSYS ICEM (hexahedral mesh), to facilitate a comparative analysis of the mesh quality obtained. This comprehension facilitated the observation of water temperature during its interaction with liquid nitrogen, ultimately ensuring the freezing of water droplets at the atomizer’s outlet. This objective aligns seamlessly with the primary goal of this study, which revolves around the preservation of seafood products through cold techniques. This particular attribute holds potential for various applications, including cooling processes for food products.Acceso abierto
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Study of Internal Flow in Open-End and Closed Pressure-Swirl Atomizers with Variation of Geometrical Parameters(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-11-01)This study delves into the examination of internal flow characteristics within closed (with nozzles) and open-end pressure-swirl atomizers (lacking nozzles). The number of inlet channels “n” and the opening parameter “C” were manipulated in this study, as they play a pivotal role in understanding various atomizer attributes, such as uniformity of the air-core diameter, the discharge coefficient, spray angle, and more, all of which hold significance in the design of bipropellant atomizers for liquid rocket engines (LREs). To validate our findings, six distinct hexahedral meshes were generated using Ansys ICEM software 2023. Subsequently, we employed Ansys Fluent, considering the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the VOF (volume-of-fluid) multiphase model to identify the liquid–gas interface, to aid in analyzing the uniformity of the air core, which is directly linked to the even distribution of mass, the mixing ratio of propellants, combustion efficiency, and stability. The results indicate that the uniformity of the air core is not solely contingent on an increase in parameter “n” but is also influenced by an increase in the parameter “C”. It is worth noting that the key dimensions of these six atomizers were determined using a mathematical model based on Abramovich and Kliachko theories.Acceso abierto
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An automatic system for defect detection in plastic crates for glass bottles.(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)The project describes the design and implementation of an automatic system for detecting defects in plastic crates for glass bottles. In all companies there is damage and defects in their cases, crates, or containers due to constant use, as they are reusable, and therefore this problem causes various economic losses and a decrease in production, especially in beverage companies. This system was designed to solve and prevent the crates from having defects in their base and containing waste inside, to obtain less product losses in the bottle packaging area. In this research, it is proposed to design the automatic system, which consists of training a convolutional neural network with a database of 136 photographs of waste and defects in the boxes that will be taken by the HQ Raspberry Camera; then programmed into the Raspberry the process of activating the engine so that the box is moved to the point where it will be detected by the photoelectric sensor and the inspection is performed; and finally it is classified indicating whether or not it is in optimal conditions. This is developed in Python using different libraries such as OpenCV, TensorFlow, Tkinter among others. Our results show that the classification and object detection accuracy reached 91.84% out of a bank of 264 tests performed.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Optimization of the dimensions of the Tablachaca sand trap dam with the application of HEC-RAS in Peru(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)This article will detail the steps to model a sand trap in the HEC-RAS software and once modeled, which variables can be modified to obtain greater decantation of particles in the sand trap. The sand trap to be modeled is the one found in the Tablachaca dam. In the first place, the process of designing a sand trap and the variables involved will be explained. Then, it will be explained which variables of the sand trap and contour (environment) intervene in the modeling, to develop the numerical modeling in the HEC-RAS software. It has been determined that the sand trap is divided into 4 naves, each approximately 9 meters wide and 120 meters long, and, for modeling, it was decided to model a single nave. Data on the granulometry of the sediments and flows that reach the Tablachaca dam were obtained from previous works. When modeling the sand trap in HEC-RAS, there is a sedimentation layer of approximately 2.54 centimeters on the side closest to the dam (downstream).Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A development of an automated system for the transportation and cutting of raw glass using a suction gripper and a Fletcher cutter with a KUKA robot(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)Currently, industries need to reduce production times, eliminate the possibility of human errors, and increase company profits. However, this is quite challenging since operators, working long hours each day, are prone to making mistakes due to fatigue or the use of outdated techniques. Taking this into account, this paper proposes the development of a hybrid suction and cutting gripper utilizing a Fletcher cutter attached to a KUKA KR60 robot responsible for cutting and transporting raw glass. The robot's motion is programmed using Kuka Sim Pro, while the design and stress analysis of the hybrid gripper were performed in Inventor. The result was an automated system capable of achieving cuts with a precision of 0.025 mm and a speed ratio of approximately twenty cutting and transportation processes per hour.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A multi-purpose Gripper for KUKA KR-60 welding robot and inspection chamber(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)At present, imperfections are still observed in the welding of the vehicle chassis, due to the fact that the inspection of the welding seam is still carried out manually. In other words, there are still companies that depend on an operator to verify the welding, which has resulted in less durability of the vehicle chassis, as they do not have adequate reinforcement when entering areas where greater strength and traction is required. For this reason, the use of a gripper is proposed, the purpose of which will be to carry out and inspect the weld seam. This mechanism consists of the use of 3 tools: MIG torch, dremel and camera, each tool will be used in a certain period of time independently in order to guarantee the correct welding seam. For this purpose, the analysis of the behaviour of the robotic arm will be taken into consideration by using the Denavit Hartenberg algorithm, which helps us to establish the reference systems for each link of the robot. Firstly, MIG welding is used. Secondly, we wait for a short period of time to let the weld bead cool down, then we use the dremel tool with a twisted conical brush accessory to perform a little reaming to remove some surface impurities. Finally, after waiting a short period of time for the effect to take effect, a Logitech c922 camera is used to capture an image of the bead and perform image processing to see what type of imperfection the weld has. The design uses duraluminium, MDF, zinc-plated rods and ABS filament for the 3D printer. The expected result is to obtain a correct quality control of the welding to guarantee the durability of the fundamental part of the vehicle.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A training system for taekwondo players with impact and linear displacement data collection(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)Currently, technology does not accompany Peruvian high performance Taekwondo athletes in an efficient way where there is the ability to read all the physical performance data, obtain a database of it constantly and have a system that allows practicing the slide that is often used as footwork. It should be noted that there is not much prominence of the robotic sector to be applied in sport as well as the lack of data records of specific variables that can quantify the skill of high-level taekwondo players. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to promote technological assistance to increase competitiveness in Peruvian taekwondo players and to improve their physical performance. For this purpose, a training system was implemented, which has 'dommys' (kicking shields) of the official brand 'JCALICU' conditioned with a wooden plate, load cells and piezoelectrics for the reception of kicking data. There is also a paddle that will move radially to receive the axe type kick and, for the linear displacement, a motor with chain transmission will be used. The methodology used is programming, I2C serial communication, numerical simulation and PID control. The result is a training system capable of linear displacement and of displaying the data of force, reaction time and precision of the athletes' kicks in a graphic interface.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A design of a distillation column to produce an alcoholic beverage based on Blueberries(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)In various industries, the fruit is utilized to produce derivative products such as beverages, vitamin C masks, jam, ice cream, pastries, among others. This highlights an area that has not been thoroughly explored: its use as a raw material, once fermented, to produce a distilled beverage with a strong presence of antioxidant properties. Various mathematical calculations were performed to obtain a column capable of distilling the fermented product at a maximum temperature of 98 ^{\circ}\mathrm{C} without damaging the antioxidant compounds present in blueberries. Therefore, calculations were made for the number of stages required in the distillation column, the column diameter, the distance between stages, and the simulation of the distillation process for the fermented blueberry must. Therefore, a novel mechanical design of the distillation column was carried out using the rigorous FenskeUnderwood-Gilliland methodology. Additionally, electronic, and electrical equipment were carefully selected to ensure a robust system capable of withstanding unfavourable climates and environments. The designed system was validated through a temperature-induced mechanical stress analysis using ANSYS R2 2022, followed by numerical simulation. With this innovative mechanical design and temperature control system, a production ratio of 1:7 was achieved compared to the initial batch of 50 L of blueberry must for a blueberry-derived alcoholic beverage with a 40% alcohol content and the presence of antioxidants concentration such as resveratrol.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A development of a mechatronic system to stimulate cognitive skills in children.(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)Assisted robots for the treatment of learning for children are currently on the rise and this is thanks to the good potential that robots have to communicate and capture their attention. It is proposed to make a humanoid robot called Potts that will be developed in 3D printing and that can be developed in Peru to improve learning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in different parts of the country. The robot was manufactured in PLA material and has 8 degrees of freedom in addition to being able to have a graphical interface with the user using two touch screens of 3.5 and 7 inches. It will use a Raspberry Pi control and will have an audio system which can communicate various instructions to the children. An experiment was conducted to compare the efficiency of performing a dynamic practiced by a psychologist versus the proposed robot. As a result, it was obtained that the child obtained fewer wrong answers with the robot than with the psychologist (decrease of repetitions up to 50% less). In addition, the percentage of time that the child kept looking at the psychologist or the robot during the dynamic was calculated. A value of 85% was obtained for following the robot compared to 60% of the time that was spent with the psychologist.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A comparative analysis of the efficiency between different datasets in the identification of dogs and cats in a CNN(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)Nowadays, several methodologies and algorithms are being developed to improve image recognition and increase efficiency in species identification. In this context, this paper introduces a comparative analysis of the efficiency between different datasets in the identification of dogs and cats in a convolutional neural network (CNN). In this study, a convolutional neural network architecture with 13 layers was evaluated using three different datasets. In the first set, the 'catsvsdogs' database from TensorFlow was used. In the second CNNN, the network was trained using a set of images that included only dog2 and cat2 species. Finally, in the third CNN the network was trained using a set of images that included only dog3 and cat3 species. The hypothesis put forward is that training a convolutional neural network with customized images of specific dogs and cats improves the accuracy in identifying these species compared to using the TensorFlow dataset. The performance of both models was evaluated using standard machine learning metrics. The results show that the accuracy of the convolutional neural network trained with personalized images increased significantly compared to previous results. Specifically, the recognition accuracy of specific dogs and cats improved considerably. In addition, the training time was reduced by approximately 94.8%, from 116 minutes to only 6 minutes. In conclusion, the use of personalized images in the training set can significantly improve the accuracy in identifying these species in a convolutional network, which can be especially useful in applications such as automatic pet feeders, where high accuracy is required when identifying the pet and providing the correct food.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A design and analysis of a Darrieus Helical vertical axis wind generator by numerical simulation(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)This study addresses the problem of pollution and high energy demand in Peru, caused by population growth in the city. It proposes the use of renewable energy as a solution and seeks to analyze and design a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) with variable rotor radius to evaluate its sustainability in Piura, Peru, as a renewable energy option. Climatological data from the Global Wind Atlas and the Capitán FAP Víctor Montes Arias Airport in Talara, Piura, were used. The blades were designed with aerodynamic models from SANDIA laboratories and analyzed using simulation software such as QBLADE and ANSYS FLUENT. The results indicate that the VAWT is efficient (Cp = 0.58) when the blades are contracted at 13.4 m/s. A closed-loop control is proposed to adjust the rotor radius with an anemometer. In addition, the airfoil behavior is observed by pressure and velocity plots in ANSYS FLUENT.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A system for detecting objects and estimating their distance using a neural network(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)This article proposes using neural networks to solve the challenge of accurately measuring the distance of an object using cameras and digital image processing. For this, a neural network was trained using a data set that includes information on the distance in pixels of the centers of mass of the object detected by the cameras. This data was used to teach the network to make an accurate estimate of the actual distance of the object. Image analysis methods were also used in conjunction with images of the object previously captured and trained with YoloV8 on Roboflow. The results obtained showed a notable improvement in the precision that is obtained when measuring the distance without the tedious calibration that is had in the other approaches considered for this investigation. Overcame the challenges associated with camera calibration due to possible distortion, accuracy, and generalization generated by changing the environment, resulting in an effective solution with 90% accuracy percentage and a dense neural network with an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer with 2000 training cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of neural networks and image processing to address distance measurement problems in various applications, such as robotics, road safety, and autonomous navigation.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Simulation of a mechanical prototype for the extraction of soil sampling using PETG and PLA material(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)Corn production in Perú during the last five years has been reduced for various reasons and the inefficient application of technology, because the progress of technology has been decreasing the intervention of the human hand in the field. For example, the use of automated pivot irrigation systems has had a positive impact on the efficiency of irrigation administered to the plants; however, this system has resulted in the neglect of the plants in the first months, generating a final production lower than that estimated for each harvest season. In view of this, the use of Unmanned Aerial Units (UAV) is proposed in order to collect soil samples around the cultivated field to be delivered to the laboratory for analysis. This mechanism consists of an arm with two degrees of freedom including an extractor that presents an auger with a worm inside, in turn it will have a rotational movement through a reduction box, the design will be manufactured in PLA and PETG material to be implemented in the UAV and perform extractions of samples of sand and soil present in Olmos, Lambayeque, Peru. In addition, this model includes a storage tank for the samples obtained to be able to perform up to three samples at different points during a single flight. The expected result is to obtain up to three samples in a range of 250 grams per extraction point in one flight, so the sampling depth will be 16 cm and a diameter of 6 cm.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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An autonomous navigation system for an unmanned surface vehicle for plastic waste collection(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)This article proposes the design of an autonomous navigation system intended for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) in the form of catamarans with differential propulsion, whose primary function is the collection of plastic waste in aquatic environments such as seas and lakes. The fundamental goal of this system is to optimize the operational capabilities of the USVs by increasing their navigational autonomy, consequently reducing the costs associated with their operation and production. In this context, the vehicle has been mathematically modeled, and a navigation system composed of four essential components has been established. The first component involves heading control, which utilizes GPS and IMU to estimate the orientation of the USV. The second component is the obstacle avoidance system, which employs a lidar sensor. The third component is a collection system that relies on a computer vision model with convolutional neural networks to detect different types of plastics and manage the collection process. Finally, an architecture has been designed to facilitate the interconnection of all the aforementioned control systems.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A numerical simulation of the mechanical structure of an ankle exoskeleton oriented to elderly people(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022-01-01)This paper presents the numerical simulation of a 3D mechanical design of an ankle exoskeleton for elderly users. The ankle is one of the most injury-prone joints due to its irregular - sphere shape and elderly people are more prone to this damage (approximately 80% of patients with a history of ankle sprain undergo surgery for post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis [1]). This problem generates a decrease in muscular resistance on the legs, loss of motor skills, loss of mobile autonomy, etc. The simulation of this exoskeleton is intended to reduce these problems by means of this low-cost mechanism, since similar options exist, but they are not within the economic reach of all. For this reason, anatomical measurements of an elderly user were taken to obtain an ergonomic and easy-to-use mechanical design. Biomechanical calculations were also performed on the ankle to define its displacement and rotation angles. Finally, the designed parts were assembled to validate the mobility of the system and numerical simulations were performed to determine safety coefficients, Von Misses stress, and deformations within the Autodesk Inventor 3D CAD software.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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AR and VR Training System for Children with ASD: A Detailed and Innovative Review(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022-01-01)Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are emerging technologies that have increased their implementation in research. This has allowed the construction of interactive systems that have become part of modern teaching methodologies. The use of these technologies for the development of training systems provides opportunities for improvement in teaching environments, especially for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). They require special education due to their different abilities. Previous research has developed learning systems for children with ASD with different approaches and methodologies. Thus, the present article provides a detailed review of AR/VR educational systems oriented to children with autism. We obtained 24 research papers on the topic from 2017 to 2022, which shows a lack of research works in AR and VR for special education of people with ASD.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A design and analysis of an autonomous ground vehicle to automate the process of transplanting rice(Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2023-01-01)Precision agriculture brought with it the implementation of new digital technologies, mainly autonomous vehicles, satellite images, IoT and artificial intelligence, to provide economic, productive, and environmental benefits in the agricultural field. However, the main applications are focused on data management and monitoring of crop fields, so agricultural processes such as planting and harvesting are not yet fully automated. A clear example of this occurs in the cultivation of rice, which despite being one of the most important agricultural products in the world, the manual production method continues to predominate in developing countries. This work presents a design of an autonomous terrestrial vehicle capable of carrying out the rice transplantation process, having as its main characteristics its ability to move in the field of cultivation at a speed of 0.75m/s, transport a payload of up to 20kg and possess an autonomy of 1 hour. Which translates into an effective field capacity (EFC) of 0.21 ha/h, an operational equivalence of 7 workers/hour and an increase in the productivity of the transplant process of 200% with respect to the manual process. It seeks to provide farmers in developing countries with an affordable option, supported by numerical simulations, with which they can obtain the benefits of precision agriculture in the process of transplanting rice. In such a way, that the manual production of rice and its disadvantages such as low productivity, the physical consequences for the farmers and the limitations against expensive machinery are replaced by the automation proposal.Acceso abierto
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Numerical simulation of a greenhouse coffee drying system using a continuous flow of hot air(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022-01-01)This paper presents the development and validation of a Coffee Bean Drying System that corresponds to the capacities and needs of small coffee farmers in Peru, which are specifically harvested in regions greater than 800 meters above sea level. This dryer utilizes hot air, which will be introduced into the drying area by a fan, it will be heated using electrical resistances thanks to the principle of Convection, and a new air distribution system will homogenize the flow and speed of the hot air to which the trays filled with coffee beans will be exposed. The coffee beans will enter with an approximate humidity of 50% and will leave the drying chamber with a degree of humidity between the range of 11% to 13%. The thermodynamic analysis of the system was carried out using Computational Fluids Dynamic (CFD) through the ANSYS program, obtaining as a result the validation of the geometry and effectiveness of the hot air distribution system in the dryer, and concluding that the implementation of said element in the system will correspond to an increase in the total efficiency of the Coffee Dryer once implemented.Acceso restringido temporalmente
