Effectiveness of Isopropyl Alcohol, Sodium Hypochlorite, Peracetic Acid and Chlorhexidine in the disinfection of gutta-percha cones exposed to Enterococcus faecalis ATCC (29212). Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of 70% Isopropyl Alcohol, 5% Sodium Hypochlorite, 1% Peracetic Acid and 2% Chlorhexidine in the disinfection of guttapercha cones exposed to Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Methodology: 144 gutta percha cones were used. The microorganism used was Enterococcus faecalis. The chemical compounds were 70 ° Isopropyl Alcohol, 5% Sodium Hypochlorite, 1% Peracetic Acid and 2% Chlorhexidine. The immersion period for each chemical was 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute and 5 minutes. Gutta percha cones were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and then immersed in each chemical. Each cone was then placed into a sterile tube containing Brain Heart Infusion broth and incubated at 37 ° C for 48 hours. Subsequently, the bacterial viability of Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated. Results: In this study, 1% Peracetic Acid and 2% Chlorhexidine showed the best antibacterial efficacy values throughout all exposure times. In contrast, 5% Sodium Hypochlorite presented it beginning the minute, while the 70 ° Isopropyl Alcohol just after 5 minutes of exposure revealed an antibacterial activity. Conclusions: 1% Peracetic Acid and 2% Chlorhexydin were the most effective along the different exposure times in the disinfection of guttapercha cones, since the viability of Enterococcus faecalis decreased by approximately 90%.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare in vitro the microhardness on the enamel surface in blocks of bovine central incisors treated with My VarnishTM (sodium fluoride 5%) and Duraphat® (Sodium fluoride 5%). Materials and Methods: This was an experimental in vitro study divided in three groups: (1) Control-Artificial saliva; (2) Duraphat® (Sodium fluoride 5%); (3) Mi VarnishTM (sodium fluoride 5% and CPP-ACP). Each group was submitted to a pre-cariogenic challenge during 7 days in vitro cycles pH model proposed by Cate and Duijsters. After the formation of the in vitro white spot lesion they were analyzed using microhardness Vickers method. Finally, the specimens were remineralized using fluoride varnishes Mi VarnishTM and Duraphat® and to monitor and compare the microhardness they were measured every 48 hours, 7 days and 14 days. Results: The results in Control group were in Baseline 52.03 ± 25.52, 48 hours 60.95 ± 21.77, 7 days 65.53 ± 21.78 and 14 days 61.04, ± 21.23. Then My VarnishTM: Baseline 54.85, ± 28.3, 48 hours 70.47, ± 27.03, 7 days 75.44, ± 22.92 and 14 days 71.74, ± 24.56. Finally in Duraphat®: Baseline 54.63 ± 45.46, 69.19 ± 48.32, 73.69 ± 25.98, 70.97 ± 43.18 as baseline, at 48 hours, 7 days and 14 days respectively. Conclusions: Mi VarnishTM and Duraphat® have no statistically significant differences.

Objective: To compare, in vitro, the antibacterial effect of three endodontic irrrigants (5% Sodium Hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine and 17% EDTA) on strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212). Materials and Methods: It was worked with a sample of 10 wells per group to compare the antibacterial effect in 24, 48 and 72 hours. Four tests were conducted: the antibacterial activity was evaluated with the agar diffusion method in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI). On the other hand, for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect (MBC), dilution in BHI method was used. To evaluate the cytotoxicity test MDCK cell line was used by the MTT colorimetric assay. Results: It was observed at 72 hours the 2% chlorhexidine had antibacterial effect on strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212) with an average of 30.45 + 8.54 mm, while the 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA had an average of 19.3 + 1.82 mm and 30.40 + 8.77 mm respectively. The MIC of chlorhexidine was 1:25 ug/ml, the MBC Chlorhexidine was 1: 125 ug/ml and the cytotoxicity of Chlorhexidine was 65.6%. Conclusion: When comparing the three endodontic irrigants it was demonstrated that the 2% CHX is the irrigant with more antibacterial effect and has less cytotoxic effect.

Objective: To compare in vitro the conversion degree of the Tetric N-Ceram®, SonicFill™ and control resin Filtek ™ Z350 XT. Materials and Methods: 90 plastic matrix of 4x5mm were confectioned and divided on 3 groups of 30 for each evaluated resin brand and subdivided in 10 samples for each evaluated depth (superficial, middle and bottom). The material was insert according each maker indications in an incremental 2mm or unique 4mm way and photopolymerized with a light font (LEDition – Ivoclar Vivadent) with 810 mw/cm2. The values were evaluated by moving the absorbance (A) results obtained in a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with an Attenuated Total Reflactance unit (ATR) to an equation that allowed obtaining the CD in percents (%). Results: There were statistically significant differences found between the values of conversion degree of the different resins brands that were evaluated. CD values on surface, middle and bottom of the samples for Tetric N-Ceram® resin were 96.76 + 0.69, 75.09 + 0.51 and 44.30 + 0.80; 96.76 + 0.69, for SonicFill™ were 96.53 + 0.59, 77.45 + 0.92 and 58.64 + 0.59; and for Filtek ™ Z350 XT were 88.69 + 0.78, 80.61 + 1.90 and 65.56 + 1.01 respectively. Conclusions: It was found that CD of Bulk Fill resins was decreasing as the depth increased caused by more material quantity needs a higher penetration of the LED light.

Objective: This study was aimed at associating the level of State- Anxiety of Odontology students with the kind of dental treatment provided to children aged 5 to 12 years. Materials and Methods: The anxiety was mesured with the scale STAI Y1 from the State – Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Visual Analogue Scale for anxiety (VAS-A). The sample was composed of 33 students belonging to the Odontology Degree Program. These students were evaluated before carrying out treatments such as prophylaxis, fluorine, sealants, restorations with local anesthesia, and pulp treatments. Results: Out of the total number of students evaluated, 69.7% were women and 30.3% were men; 132 inventories were developed. Statiscally significant association were found (p<0.05) between the level of anxiety caused by the four treatments performance according to the STAI Y1 and VAS-A and, as a result, a greater number of students with medium and high level of State - Anxiety before carrying out pulp treatments and restorations with local anesthesia and qualified very anxious before pulp treatments. By associating the level of State - Anxiety of students with the patients age, the levels that prevailed were medium and high before treating patients aged between 5 to 9 years. Conclusion: We can conclude that students had a medium and high level of State - Anxiety before carrying out pulp treatments and restaorations with local anesthesia and they were qualified as very anxious before pulp treatments.

Nowadays you can opt for non-pharmacological techniques for the control and management of anxiety problems as it significantly influences the behavior of children during dental consultation and negatively affects their oral health and a high level of anxiety produces a total rejection of child dental care. Objective: To compare two non-pharmacological techniques (music therapy and audiovisual distraction) in controlling anxiety before, during and after dental treatment of children between 5 and 10 years old attended at the University Health Center of the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas. Materials and Methods: a quasi-experimental study was conducted and anxiety levels obtained with Venham Picture Test and Venham Anxiety Scale a total of 60 pediatric patients under non-pharmacological techniques music therapy and audiovisual distraction was compared. Results: The mean score obtained before the dental consultation with the Venham Picture Test for the control group was 2, for the music therapy group was 1.4 and 1.45 for the audiovisual group; the mean score obtained during the dental consultation with the Venham Anxiety Scale for the control group was 1.4 , for the music therapy group was 0.2 and 0.2 for the audiovisual group; the average after dental consultation for the control group was 1.95, for music therapy was 0.45 and the audiovisual group was 0.3. Conclusions: The results indicate that if there was a reduction in anxiety levels by using both non-pharmacological techniques in the study population.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the association between Association of Pell and Gregory classification with the Ezoddini classification in panoramic radiographs of patients attended in the UPC clinic during 2012 – 2014. Material and Methods: A descriptive, transversal and retrospective observational study was conducted. 499 panoramic radiographs of patients attended in the UPC clinic during 2012 and 2014 were evaluated. As inclusion criteria was considered patients older than 20 years with the two lower third molars. Panoramic radiographs with distortion and radiographs with the third molars in Nolla stage 0-9 were excluded. To determine the relation of the roots of the third molars used the Ezoddini classification and to determinate the position of the third molars Pell & Gregory was used. Results: The results were that the relationship was more frequent in the root canal with 42.5 % (212) to the relation of third molars with the inferior alveolar nerve, followed by the absence of contact 32.9 % (164). The age group was the 20 to 30 years and in greater proportion in the ratio of the root canal with 34.1 % (170). For the association of Pell and Gregory classification of with the Ezoddini classification, class IA is associated with a greater proportion of the absence of contact in 19.2 % (96). Conclusions: If there is an association between the position of the third molar as rated by Pell and Gregory relationship with the roots of the lower third molars with the mandibular canal as rated by Ezoddini .

Objective: To assess the clinical and radiographic features of the pulpotomy formocresol after 12 months. Materials and methods: a descriptive, transversal study that evaluated the clinical and radiographic features of 97 teeth with treatment of pulpotomy who attended the postoperative control after a year of performed treatment. The presence of history of pain, mobility, fistula and sensitivity in the tooth with treatment was observed for clinical evaluation. In radiographic evaluation was performed take a periapical radiograph to determine the presence of pathological findings such as loss of hard blade, IRL compatible with furcation and pathological resorption of internal and external lesion. Results: The prevalence according to clinical characteristics were 1 case of (1.03%) presence of pain history, 6 (6.18%) sensitivity, 3 (3.09%) mobility and 2 (2.06%) fistula; radiographic evaluation found 1 (1.04%) case of hard blade loss, 19 (19.58%) compatible with furcation lesion IRL, 3 (3.09) internal root resorption and 1 (1.04%) external root resorption. Conclusion: The results indicate a low percentage of pathological traits observed clinically and radiographically after one year of treatment.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusions and orthodontic treatment need using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) in schoolchildren with mixed dentition from a Public School in Ate Vitarte, Peru. Materials and Methods: 252 schoolchildren aged between 9-12 years (both genders) with mixed dentition were including. Children with physical or mental disabilities, active or previous orthodontic treatment and no collaborators were excluded. Fisher´s exact test was used to associate malocclusion with the Dental Health Component, Dental Health and Aesthetic Component with age and gender. Results: According to the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need modified, the prevalence with the Dental Health Component for grades 4-5 was 25.4% and with the Aesthetic Component for grades 8-10 was 5.6%. No statistically significant differences (p = 0.247, p = 0.056, p = 0.271 and p = 0.942) were presented to the prevalence of Orthodontic Treatment Need for Aesthetic and Dental Health Components by gender and age. Statistically Significant difference (p = 0.000) was found between the prevalence of malocclusions and orthodontic treatment need. Conclusions: The prevalence of malocclusions and orthodontic treatment need in class I was 13.9%, class II-1 of 7.9%, class II-2 and class III 1.2% 2.4% 6. Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need showed strong association with each class of malocclusion.

Objetivo: Evaluar el índice de placa bacteriana y sangrado gingival aplicando mensajería de texto (SMS) en pacientes atendidos en la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas. Material y Métodos: El estudio fue de tipo cuasi experimental, para el cual se necesitaron 30 participantes, divididos de forma aleatoria y equitativa en dos grupos: grupo que recibe SMS y grupo que no recibe SMS. A todos los participantes en la evaluación inicial (T0) se les entregó un consentimiento informado explicando el procedimiento del estudio y luego, se les realizó la toma del índice de placa bacteriana según O´leary (IPB) y el índice de sangrado gingival según Ainamo (ISG). Posterior a eso, se les realizó una instrucción de higiene oral y se les informó que podían o no ser parte del grupo SMS, en cuyo caso recibirían SMS establecidos previamente mediante un focus group, tres veces por semana. Asimismo, se realizaron re-evaluaciones del IPB e ISG a los 15 días (T1) y al mes (T2). Resultados: EL IPB e ISG disminuyó en ambos grupos, obteniéndose en el grupo que recibe SMS una media de 28.95 + 19.25 en el T0, 17.65 + 19.25 en el T1 y 20.28 +12.22 en el T2; mientras que, para el ISG una media de 13.22 + 7.33, 6.61 + 3.68 y 9.13 + 5.09 respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para el IPB en el grupo que recibe SMS (p=0.153); sin embargo, si se encontraron diferencias significativas en el ISG (p=0.008). Conclusiones: El IPB e ISG de los pacientes atendidos en la Clínica Odontológica de la UPC disminuyó en los tres tiempos (T0, T1 y T2) en ambos grupos.