RSS 1.0Ingeniería Civil
Recent Submissions
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Improving the Compressive Strength of Concrete with Recycled Ground Glass(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)This paper explores the use of recycled ground glass as a partial substitute for sand in concrete mixtures, aiming to enhance its mechanical properties, specifically compressive strength. Mixtures with glass replacements of 15%, 20%, and 25% were developed and tested, evaluating their performance at 7, 14, and 28 days. Experimental results indicate that using 15% ground glass increases compressive strength by 4.91% compared to standard concrete and improves workability without significantly affecting cohesion. In contrast, higher glass percentages increase the mixture's porosity, reducing its density and strength. Furthermore, the economic analysis shows a cost reduction of up to 1.94% with this optimal proportion. The research concludes that incorporating ground glass is a sustainable and economically viable alternative, as it promotes waste reuse and reduces the demand for natural sand, thereby mitigating the environmental impact associated with construction.Acceso abierto
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Guide for the Optimization of Material Storage during the Structural Phase of Educational Projects through the Application of the ABC Methodology(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)This article presents a guide for optimizing material storage in educational infrastructure projects, specifically during the structural phase, using the ABC methodology. The study addresses the problem of poor management and placement of construction materials in warehouses, which negatively impacts operational efficiency and costs. A total of 172 stored materials were analysed in an October project, 86 of which were used. The materials were classified into three categories: A (11 materials), B (26 materials), and C (49 materials), representing critical values for prioritization and efficient distribution. The methodology includes an ABC analysis, a Pareto diagram, and warehouse modelling in Revit, demonstrating how redistribution improves access times, inventory control, and reduces the rate of obsolete materials. The results highlight the feasibility of implementing this guide in similar projects, promoting resource management.Acceso abierto
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Mechanical Performance of Concrete with Graphene Oxide: Evaluation of Compressive and Splitting Tensile Strength(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)Concrete is currently one of the most widely used materials in the world, but its production involves the emission of significant amounts of CO2 due to cement manufacturing. To address this global issue, various materials and methods have been explored. In this context, the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into concrete emerges as an innovative solution due to its remarkable physical and chemical properties. GO has been shown to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete, allowing target strength to be achieved with less cement. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of GO on the mechanical properties and workability of concrete. Four concrete mix designs were evaluated, consisting of a control group and three dosages (0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.08% GO relative to the cement weight). Tests were conducted for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and slump. Results indicate that the 0.08% dosage proved to be optimal, with a 22.71% increase in compressive strength and a 23.37% increase in split tensile strength at 28 days compared to the control mix. However, this dosage exhibited the lowest slump, measuring 139 mm. In conclusion, the incorporation of GO into concrete improves its strength, particularly at early stages, suggesting its potential for structures subjected to heavy loads from the outset.Acceso abierto
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Incremental Static Analysis for the Seismic Performance Evaluation of a Peruvian R.C. Building(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)In the present study, the incremental static or pushover analysis will be used, since it offers more accurate results compared to the linear analysis. Therefore, its application is indispensable for the evaluation of the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete structure composed of beams, columns and walls. This structure is a multi-family building of 6 levels, rectangular in shape with an area of 120 m2. The methodology used allows obtaining the capacity of the structure against applied lateral loads, thus determining the performance levels for each level of seismic hazard according to the VISION 2000 guidelines. The study begins with an exhaustive analysis of the geometry, structural elements of the building, the use of standards and guidelines related to seismic resistance. However, two 3D structural models were created in Etabs V.21, called model 1 and model 2. In model 1, the non-linear model of plastic hinges for beams and columns will be taken into account, taking into consideration that the walls are hinged with fiber type hinges. On the other hand, for model 2, the nonlinear model of fiber-type hinges for columns, beams and walls will be taken into account. However, the indispensable resource is the ASCE 41-17/23 standard for the model with plastic hinges. On the other hand, we use the constitutive models of Mander and Park to define the behavior of concrete and steel in each fiber division. Then, the results of the capacity curve in each X and Y direction are compared. Finally, the pushover curve is sectorized to obtain the performance levels for frequent, occasional, rare and very rare earthquakes. Therefore, the findings in this article are useful for professionals engaged in structural engineering who are interested in the performance evaluation of a reinforced concrete structure or in other infrastructures that exist at the international level.Acceso abierto
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Comfort Evaluation of the 'Católica' Pedestrian Bridge Based on SETRA 2006(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)The increasing trend toward slender and low-stiffness pedestrian bridge designs has significantly raised their susceptibility to dynamic excitations induced by pedestrian activity. One of the most critical vibration phenomena in such structures is synchronous excitation, which occurs when the walking frequency of pedestrians coincides with the natural frequency of the bridge. This resonance condition can amplify the structural response, negatively impacting both user comfort and overall structural performance. These challenges are particularly relevant in densely populated urban environments such as Lima. In this study, the dynamic behavior and comfort performance of the “Católica” pedestrian bridge were evaluated through in-situ vibration measurements using a geophone-based seismograph. The recorded data were analyzed based on the SETRA guideline, which classifies comfort into four levels according to peak vertical acceleration. This international reference was selected because, unlike the Peruvian bridge design standards—which do not explicitly consider pedestrian-induced vibrations as a dynamic load—the SETRA guideline has been applied in similar studies within the national context and offers more specific criteria for evaluating pedestrian comfort. The results showed that vertical accelerations reached up to 0.541 g (5.31 m/s2) during pedestrian activity, corresponding to the lowest comfort level defined by the SETRA guideline. While most structural frequencies remained outside the resonance range, certain transverse modes during loading approached 1.2 Hz—a value close to the typical walking frequency range of pedestrians (1.7-2.3 Hz)suggesting a moderate potential for dynamic amplification. Although no clear resonance was detected, the elevated acceleration levels observed under normal use conditions highlight the need to implement vibration mitigation measures. At this stage of the study, no single solution is prescribed. However, there is a recognized need to evaluate and compare various mitigation strategies in order to determine the most appropriate approach. These may include Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs), damping pads, tuned stiffness elements, or minor structural modifications. A comparative assessment considering technical performance, ease of implementation, and cost-effectiveness would help identify the optimal solution. Such measures would allow the bridge to comply with the SETRA Level 1 comfort threshold (0.5 m/s2), thereby enhancing both safety and user comfort.Acceso abierto
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Improving Earthwork Planning with the implementation of BIM and UAV: Case study applied in the surroundings of the Chancay mega-port - Peru - 2024(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)The lack of necessary information and the lack of accuracy presented in this, causes direct damage to the planning process of a construction project, due to problems such as cost overruns or delays, caused by the incorrect distribution of resources allocated for the completion of activities. In earthmoving work, the deficient collection and processing of information is an index of the bad procedure that a company has and causes the activities to present additional costs due to rework, dissatisfaction on the part of the client or delays in the delivery within the predetermined deadlines. That is why this article proposes the implementation of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV), in conjunction with BIM software, as tools for the collection, processing and sharing of information. This will be more complete and will allow a programming based on qualitative and quantitative data in a precise, fast and understandable way for those interested in the execution process of a construction project, which, being located in an area of high demand due to its proximity to the mega port of Chancay, will allow the earthwork execution procedure to be carried out in an efficient and fast way, avoiding harming the construction company.
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Procedure to Reduce Evaluation Time in the Selection of Professional Staff in Medium-Sized Multi-Family Construction Companies Using the AHP Method(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)In the construction sector, the selection of personnel for the technical office faces challenges such as the lack of structure and subjectivity in the evaluation criteria, which makes it difficult to quickly identify the most suitable candidates. This article proposes an optimized procedure to address this problem through the use of the AHP multicriteria method and Expert Choice software. The process involves applying AHP to establish priorities and evaluate candidates based on previously defined objective criteria. Through interviews and surveys, deficiencies in the traditional approach were identified, such as the lack of planning and the reliance on subjective judgments. The proposal demonstrates how the application of AHP reduces the evaluation time by 70%, improving transparency, traceability, and reliability of the process, contributing to the formation of technical teams more aligned with the specific requirements of the projects.Acceso abierto
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Analysis of the Interaction between Passengers and Buses at a Congested Bus Stop through Simulation to Reduce Congestion Rate(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)This article addresses the issue of user congestion at a high-demand public transportation stop in Lima, caused by prolonged waiting times and the perceived low quality of service. Micro simulation was conducted using VISSIM software to model ideal scenarios based on empirical data. The analysis considered key indicators such as service demand, congestion levels, and operational frequency of transportation lines. The study simulated the anticipated behavior of users who, upon having access to real-time bus arrival information, arrive at the stop just in time, thereby reducing waiting times. The results showed a 12.22% reduction in user congestion during peak hours and a more uniform redistribution of service demand during the same period. This optimization improved passenger flow and user experience without the need to alter the current bus frequencies, validating the economic and operational feasibility of the proposal. The research highlights the use of micro-simulation as an effective tool for designing sustainable solutions in urban environments, contributing to improved mobility and perceived reliability of public transportation.Acceso abierto
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Seismic Vulnerability Assessment in Non-Engineered Dwellings Using RVS Methods and Its Validation with a Quantitative Approach(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)This research presents an analysis of seismic vulnerability in dwellings built without engineering criteria, aiming to determine their levels of vulnerability. Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) methods, such as those proposed by FEMA P-154 and developed by INDECI, were employed to assess the vulnerability of 20 dwellings. Additionally, a quantitative validation was conducted on two of thesed wellings using parameters like lateral drift to complement the qualitative analysis. The results obtained through FEMA P-154 indicate that 50% of the dwellings exhibit a "Very High" level of vulnerability, 45% a "High" level, and 5% a "Low" level. Meanwhile, the INDECI method classifies 45% of the dwellings as having "Very High" vulnerability and 55% as "High." The quantitative evaluation of lateral drift showed that Dwelling 1 and Dwelling 2 experienced excessive drift values of 0.006979 and 0.004624, respectively, classifying both as "vulnerable" to seismic events. When comparing the qualitative methods (FEMA P-154 and INDECI) with the quantitative method (lateral drift), slight discrepancies were identified in the assigned vulnerability levels, although they maintained a close correlation. While the qualitative methods indicated high and very high vulnerability, the quantitative method classified them as "Vulnerable." Despite these differences, the results converge in highlighting the high susceptibility of the analyzed dwellings to seismic events. These findings emphasize the need to prioritize structural reinforcements to reduce seismic risk levels in the evaluated area.Acceso abierto
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Methodological Guide for Improving Risk Management Using the HAZOP Method Applied to Multifamily Housing Projects(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)Construction projects carried out using traditional methods involve different risks that are not anticipated or were not considered during the planning of multifamily housing projects. According to various studies, the absence of a risk management plan leads to project delays, poor project performance, and stakeholders’ dissatisfaction with project delivery. Therefore, this study provides a set of procedures for risk management in the planning stage of multifamily housing projects based on the method called Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), which identifies risks that may cause problems in project operations. The contribution of this research is to demonstrate that the method can improve risk management in multifamily housing projects in the province of Huancayo.Acceso abierto
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Comparison Between Peruvian Standards E.030 from 2006 and 2016 Through a Static Nonlinear Analysis in a Six-Story Reinforced Concrete Building(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025-01-01)El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
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Goalkeeper height increase in the international scenario for the last 90 years and an analysis of a simulated goal size increase(2022)First, a non-local and elite goalkeeper-specic study on height change over time is presented. This study can be seen as an element and contribution to the discussion on extending the goal posts and crossbar in association football. The internationality and player quality characteristic of the study is based on the analysis of past FIFA World Cup goalkeeping squads, which is the only truly top-level and international tournament for more than 50 years. Second, the study analysed whether the game and its fairness would be enhanced by increasing the chances of scoring as a result of increasing the goal size; this is done through the denition of two measures and the evaluation of the past World Cups, as well. The results are positive; nonetheless, it is discussed that any goal frame change would have to be subjected to more analysis because decreasing too much, the unpredictability of football could be as negative as many matches dened by penalty kicks, or many matches nishing 0-0.Acceso abierto
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Optimal Dosage of Polypropylene and Steel Fibers to Improve Compressive Strength of Concrete at 350 °C(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025-01-01)This study examines the optimal dosage of hybrid polypropylene and steel fibers to enhance the compressive strength of f’c = 280 kg/cm2 concrete exposed to temperatures up to 350 °C. Various proportions of polypropylene fibers (0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.30%) combined with 1% steel fibers were tested, focusing on the effects on concrete strength after thermal exposure. The behavior of the fresh and hardened concrete was assessed, ensuring uniform fiber distribution. Compression tests were conducted at 14 and 28 days, before and after heat exposure. Results indicate that 0.25% polypropylene and 1% steel fibers maintained compressive strength after heating, highlighting this dosage as the most effective. This suggests a key advance in designing fire-resistant concretes for safer, more durable structures.
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Effects of Superplasticizers, Retarders, and Workability Retention Admixtures on the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Concrete(Horizon Research Publishing, 2025-05-01)Currently, maintaining the quality of ready-mix concrete during long-distance transportation is challenging, as climatic variations affect its properties. To address this issue, the use of next-generation admixtures is proposed to enhance both the physical and mechanical properties of concrete in its fresh and hardened states, employing superplasticizers (S), retarders (R), and workability-retaining agents (M). Among the tested mixtures, D0.54%S0.48%R1.01%M exhibited the best performance by maintaining its consistency for up to 7 hours and extending workability by an additional 6 hours compared to the reference sample. Furthermore, with the use of R and M admixtures, this sample achieved a final setting time of 13 hours and 21 minutes—a 331% increase relative to the reference—and demonstrated one of the highest compressive strengths, reaching 45.39 MPa after 28 days. The unit weight and yield results indicate that the concrete falls within the normal-weight category, although these values may vary with atmospheric conditions. In conclusion, next-generation admixtures effectively preserved consistency and extended setting time during prolonged transportation, while significantly enhancing compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days.
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IpFlux: A New Advanced Tool for Hydraulics Analysis in Open Channels(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-06-01)IpFlux is a cost-free software developed to provide a simplified, accessible, and accurate solution for hydraulic analysis in open-channel flows. It addresses the need for tools that support rapid decision-making during early design stages, especially when conventional software may be too complex, resource-intensive, or costly. Written in Python, IpFlux features an intuitive interface and implements both explicit and implicit formulations to compute normal and critical depths, hydraulic jumps, flow through weirs and gates, backwater curves, and compound cross-sections. Thanks to its focused interface and direct data entry, IpFlux enables significantly faster estimations than traditional tools used for similar hydraulic calculations, particularly in early project stages. The software’s accuracy and applicability are demonstrated by comparing its outputs against classical references and selected results from established tools such as HEC-RAS and ANSYS Fluent. While IpFlux is not intended to replace advanced simulation software, it offers a reliable and user-friendly alternative for preliminary analyses in engineering projects, as well as for educational purposes in hydraulic engineering.
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Evaluation of Rheological, Mechanical, and Durability Properties of Self-compacting Concrete with Microsilica and Diatomite for Application in Buildings Exposed to Marine Environments(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025-01-01)The research focused on the study of the influence of the partial substitution of cement by microsilica and diatomite on the rheological behavior, compressive strength and permeability of self-compacting concrete. A total of 5 concrete mixes were designed, composed of a standard design, 3 mixes with microsilica (5%, 8% and 10%) and 1 mix with diatomite (5%), keeping constant the w/c ratio (0.40) and the dosage of the plasticizing admixture (1% of the weight of the cement). The following tests were carried out in the fresh state: Temperature, Slump Flow, V-Funnel, L-Box and Air Content; while, in the hardened state, permeability and compressive strength behavior at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days were determined. The results showed that the substitution of 5% microsilica favored the rheological characteristics, while the incorporation of microsilica at 8%, 10% and 5% diatomite decreased the flowability of the concrete. The highest level of permeability was obtained by incorporating 10% microsilica (5.2 mm). In the development of the compressive strength at 28 days, it was identified that all the mixtures exceeded the standard design, obtaining the highest result in the design with 8% microsilica (69.2 MPa). Based on the results, it was concluded that the partial replacement of the binder with microsilica, in an optimum percentage, favors the characteristics of the concrete both in the fresh and hardened state. In this way, a mix with greater durability and strength is obtained.
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Use of random fields in slope stability analysis and application to a case history(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025-06-01)A numerical investigation is carried out to study the stability of homogeneous slopes accounting for the uncertainty of some material properties such as cohesion and internal friction angle under self-weight loads. For such scope, random fields are generated for these material properties using the Local Average Subdivision (LAS) Method, which is combined with the Finite Element Method within a Monte Carlo simulation to compute failure probabilities. Verification of the employed numerical tool is provided by computing failure probabilities versus safety factors diagrams for the studied examples. For instance, it is shown that for a typical undrained slope, obtained outcomes indicate that a minimum deterministic design safety factor of 1.65, suggesting a stable slope as recommended by the Brazilian regulation NBR11682, could be actually associated to significant failure probabilities larger than 15%, being on the unsafe side. This finding is important and should call the attention of practitioners. Finally, a study case of a real slope located in Brazil with available measured field data was also analysed. The effect of some key parameters such as the influence of correlation length, effect of uncertainty of material properties and cross-correlation between soil strength parameters on the final failure probability were studied. In general, it was shown that situations defined with apparently adequate safety factors can still be associated with considerable failure probabilities. Indeed, this will depend upon the value of employed coefficient of variation and spatial correlation distance assumed for the stochastic properties in question.
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Implementation of a Low-Cost Structural Health Monitoring System for Bridges in Peru(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025-01-01)Structural health is important especially in older bridges that were designed without earthquake resistant design. Therefore, it is proposed to use wireless accelerometers with environmental temperature and humidity sensors, using a total of 6 Arduino Due sensors distributed along the bridge segments. In addition, Raspberry Pi boards linked to a laptop are implemented to facilitate monitoring of the structure. Also, a modal analysis was carried out to obtain the frequencies, the first and second modes of vibrating correspond to frequencies of f_1 = 1.15 Hertz and f_2 = 1.55 Hertz, and with a damping of 5% that helps to choose the location of the sensors. This approach provides valuable information about the health of the bridge, allowing early detection of potential problems or anomalies. On the other hand, the prices of a used sensor are compared with a commercial sensor. It is shown that choosing low-cost accelerometers instead of commercial sensors can significantly reduce costs, saving between 59 and 83%. This optimization not only seeks efficiency in structural monitoring, but also more economical and effective management of bridge infrastructure. The research comprehensively addresses the implementation of a structural monitoring system, from the selection of sensors to the strategic location on the bridge, underscoring the importance of economic efficiency in the management of the structural health of bridges in Peru.
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Structural Damage Detection Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based 3D Model and Deep Learning on a Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-02-01)Visual inspection is a common method for detecting structural damage, but has limitations in terms of subjectivity, time, and access. This research proposes an innovative approach to identify cracks using a 3D model generated from photographs of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN). These networks are effective in detecting complex patterns, improving the accuracy and efficiency of damage identification based on simple visual inspection. The case study is the old Villena Rey bridge in Lima, Peru. The methodology covers (i) the development of a 3D model of the bridge structure, (ii) the extraction of photographs of the model and its binary segmentation, (iii) the application of deep learning through the training and testing phase of a CNN to achieve crack detection in photographs, and (iv) damage location within the 3D model. An 88.4% accuracy was achieved in crack detection, identifying 18 damage points, of which 3 turned out to be false positives. Additionally, it was determined that the left pillar in the southern area of the bridge presented the highest concentration of damage, which underlines the effectiveness of the method used.Acceso abierto
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Proposal to Reduce Transfer Time Through a Multimodal Interconnection Model(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025-01-01)Transferring commuters on Atocongo (Lima, Perú), between Linea Amarilla (buses) and Line 1 of the Lima Metro (subway) shows various challenges. Commuters have to board the buses on the street, after crossing crowded roads, there are also interruptions like street vendors, crowded sidewalks, and lack of traffic signals at crosswalks. The transfer time is not optimized and the actios is not safe for commuters. This research proposes a multimodal interconnection that reduces transfer time and leads users directly between both transportation systems, on both routes: From Santiago de Surco (SS) and San Juan de Miraflores (SJM). The transfer time was obtained (current situation) and a model was developed with the interconnection infrastructure of both transport systems (proposed situation). From the comparison of both situations, it was obtained that the times were reduced, for the route from SS 49.87% and for the route from SJM 28.87%. It is concluded that the proposed model manages to reduce the user's transfering time.Acceso restringido temporalmente
