• Debris Flow Modeling Using FLO-2D for Hazard Identification in the Rio Seco Creek

  Castillo S, Juan; Atala V, Amehd R.; Mogrovejo G, Rubén E. (Springer Nature, 2024-01-01)

  Debris flows are one of the processes of mass movements that are generated by heavy rains and are activated in the upper parts of the basins. The application case of the present research carried out in the Rio Seco stream in the district of San Bartolomé, located in the Province of Huarochirí, Department of Lima seeks to recreate a debris flow event that occurred on February 2, 2017 as a result of the climatic phenomenon in the Lima Andes. Likewise, it seeks to identify the areas of debris flow threats for different return periods Tr = 100 and Tr = 500 years. For this investigation, the mathematical model is applied using the FLO-2D software, which will process topographic data, rheological properties of the debris fluid and liquid hydrographs in different return periods. Finally, processing the data, results such as flow depth, maximum flow velocities of possible deposition zones, sediment concentration and impact force are obtained. This article is focused on comparing the debris flow and its depth with a real event adjusted with watermark control points. From the simulated results, debris flows were obtained with return periods of Tr = 100 years and Tr = 500 years, flows of 0.4 and 0.5 m3/s, tie rods with flow heights of 1.80 m and 1.90 m, respectively. Additionally, the preliminary threat map was prepared to identify vulnerable areas.

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• Analysis of Potable Water Supply Scenarios Using WEAP Software and Applied to the Cities of Moquegua and Ilo

  Bohorquez P, Luis M.; Kenzo Sumikawa, D.; Mogrovejo G, Rubén E. (Springer Nature, 2024-01-01)

  The cities of Moquegua and Ilo are located in a desert close to the Atacama Desert and the supply of water for population use in the current scenario and projected for a 50-year horizon is a concern, that is, to the year 2071; For this reason, the calculations of the current and projected population quantity have been made with a growth rate of 1.6% established by the National Institute of Statistics (INEI). Currently, the demand for water for population use in Moquegua is fully met with contributions from the Pasto Grande dam, but there is a water deficit for Ilo of 43 l/s. In the year 2071 the city of Moquegua will have a population of 204,340 inhabitants and the demand for water for population use will be 0.591 m3/s with an average increase of 7 l/s per year; and the city of Ilo will have a population of 178,722 inhabitants and the demand for water will increase to 0.517 m3/s with an average increase of 5 l/s per year. To analyze the future water supply of the cities of Moquegua and Ilo, a hydrological simulation model has been developed using the WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning System) software, where the operation of the Pasto Grande dam has been considered, which has a capacity of 200 MMC (Millions of cubic meters), as well as the extraction of water according to the projected water demands, and it is concluded that the water demands for population use of the cities of Moquegua and Ilo can be met with an index of reliability in time and volume of 100%; that is to say, it can be attended in its entirety.

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• Comparative Analysis of Structural Reinforcement with Viscoelastic Energy Dissipators, Friction and Metal Creep in Tall Buildings

  Lipa, Eddie J.; Pomasoncco, Jhon O.; Casas, Joan R.; Delgadillo, Rick M. (Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024-01-01)

  Seismic risk is a challenging problem in tall buildings due to the possibility of loss of human life and economic caused by seismic events. Peru is located at the interaction of the South American plate and the Nazca plate, which is why various seismic events of moderate to large magnitude occur. Today there are many ways to solve these problems and it is a very challenging case to reinforce tall buildings. In addition, technological advances in software facilitate and help through programmed models in tall buildings that analyze their structure characteristics such as drift, shear and others. This article proposes a comparative analysis of three types of dissipators: viscous fluid, friction, and metal creep through a Time-History analysis in a 15-story high-rise building located in Peru. The proposed methodology considers three stages: (i) definition of the characteristics and properties of the structure in accordance with Peruvian Standard E.030, in addition three accelerograms are used for the dynamic time-history analysis and maximum displacements and drifts are determined by ETABS software. (ii) calculate the design drift of the tall building and the properties of the viscous fluid, friction, and creep dissipator. In addition, calculations are made for the design parameters of each dissipator, and it is modeled as required for the case study. (iii) the new drifts and the damping values that the building presents for each dissipator are analyzed. According to the results obtained, the dissipator with the best results is of the flow type, since it has better performance in drifts and manages to produce an average damping of 96.87% for tall buildings. While the viscous dissipators obtain a 57.85% damping and the friction ones are estimated at 81.57%.

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• Green Structural Retrofitting Materials for Fire-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Buildings: Advances in Sustainable Repair of Distressed Buildings

  Awoyera, Paul O.; Akin-Adeniyi, Ayomide; Althoey, Fadi; Abuhussain, Mohammed Awad; Jolayemi, Kayode; Romero, Lenin M.Bendezu (Springer, 2024-05-01)

  One environment that hinders the performance of reinforced concrete is fire. In most cases, this results in the affected part or the entire structure being rendered useless or completely collapsing. When fire mishaps happen in structures, this is the case. This study reviews green structural retrofitting materials for reinforced concrete buildings in an effort to repair damaged structures in an environmentally friendly manner. The information gathered from earlier laboratory test results is assembled to comprehend the impact of room temperature strength properties and varied concrete mix material composition on the residual mechanical properties of concrete. The performance of various fibers, synthetic and natural, as laminate materials for concrete were evaluated, and the study showed that to a significant extent, distressed structural elements could be repaired with retrofits. However, provision of appropriate guidelines for using natural fibre laminates for retrofitting has not been overly explored. This review has highlighted areas that require further study in order to fully understand the residual strength characteristics of concrete exposed to high temperatures, particularly damaged concrete that have been retrofitted with fibers. Overall, the review's findings will be helpful to academics, professionals in the field of civil engineering, and those engaged in construction.

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  Comparative analysis of the dynamic behavior of structures equipped with cylindrical and spherical frictional bearings subjected to near-fault earthquakes

  Auad, Gaspar; Almazán, José L.; Vilca, Federico (Elsevier Ltd, 2024-02-01)

  The effectiveness of seismic isolation in slender structures subjected to intense ground motion can be compromised by unwanted uplifting, a phenomenon often observed in frictional bearings featuring spherical sliding surfaces, such as the Friction Pendulum System (FPS) device. One solution to this issue involves incorporating a mechanism within the isolation devices to prevent uplifting. This study introduces an innovative numerical formulation for the tension-restraint Friction Pendulum isolator, referred to as the XY-FP bearing, which integrates complete frictional coupling and accounts for large displacements. Unlike conventional designs, the XY-FP bearing employs cylindrical sliding surfaces to achieve its isolation mechanism. Two structural models were created to investigate the dynamic behavior disparities between isolation systems utilizing cylindrical versus spherical frictional isolators. The models represent a single-story base-isolated building and a slender structure. Comparative analysis reveals that cylindrical frictional isolators exhibit reduced maximum displacements and increased sensitivity to ground motion directionality. Notably, using cylindrical frictional isolators can substantially increase maximum inter-story drifts and maximum absolute accelerations. Evaluation of the dynamic response of the slender building demonstrates the capacity of XY-FP bearings to mitigate undesired bearing uplifting effectively. However, the tensile forces generated by the isolators may surpass the magnitude of the static vertical load due to the superstructure's self-weight. Extending the isolated period is one potential strategy for alleviating the uplift magnitude or maximum tensile force.

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  Modification of response reduction factors of overhead water tanks based on ductility factor

  Pandian, Antony Vimal Paul; Arunachalam, Krishna Prakash; Avudaiappan, Siva; Jasmin, S. Sahaya; Romero, Lenin Miguel Bendezu; Awoyera, Paul O. (Springer Nature, 2024-04-01)

  In the earthquake-resistant design of overhead tanks, this research dealt with the determination of the response reduction factor applicable to overhead water tanks performing beyond the elastic limit. Eight existing water tanks were selected for the investigation and 127 ground accelerations due to 10 Indian earthquakes were selected. The magnitude of the earthquakes selected ranges from 4.5 to 7.2. Initially, 10.16 million nonlinear dynamic data of response reduction factor had been produced using Newmark’s β method by varying parameters. From the results obtained, multi-linear regression analysis was made to arrive at the empirical formula relating the parameters and it was found that ductility factor was the most significant factor among others such as damping ratio, pre-post stiffness ratio, natural period, and soil types, in influencing response reduction factor. Eventually, It is concluded that the values of the response reduction factor to be adopted in the dynamic analysis of Overhead water tanks should be based on the desired value of the ductility factor.

  Acceso abierto
• Potassium Chloride Performance as Expansion Inhibitor Agent in Clayey Soils with Mineralogical Content of Montmorillonite

  Torres, Juan Diego; Watanabe, Angel; Fernández, Carlos; Durán, Gary (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024-01-01)

  Expansive soils are a type of problematic soil that, due to its physicochemical characteristics, tends to undergo volumetric changes in its internal molecular structure when experiencing alterations in its moisture content. The relevance of his study lies in the numerous structural damages registered worldwide as a result of this phenomenon. Although there are agents for its stabilization, the current environmental trend leads to the search for alternative sustainable materials that guarantee favorable results in inhibiting its expansive character. In this sense, this research aims to evaluate the contribution of potassium chloride in the expansive parameters of a soil sample with mineralogical content of montmorillonite extracted from the locality of Talara, Peru. For this purpose, free swell tests and swelling pressure tests were performed on samples with dosages of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% potassium chloride by weight, obtaining as main result a significant reduction in the expansion potential.

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• Stabilization of Sandy Slopes with Vetiver Grass Using Experimental Method and Mathematical Model

  Contreras, Myrella Surichaqui; Oliva, Abeli Rodriguez; Lopez, Rossana Herrera (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024-01-01)

  This paper proposes the evaluation of the feasibility of a bioengineering geotechnical solution for the control of natural slope landslides caused by soil susceptibility, because of natural events or human action. The engineering solution with environmental considerations involves using the vetiver plant (Chrysopogon zizanioides) to stabilize the natural slope. The methodology applied was the identification of soil characteristics through soil mechanics laboratory tests, knowledge of vetiver grass and slope stability analysis considering the experimental method (EM) and mathematical model (MM). The shear strength parameters obtained in the experimental method consider the cohesion and friction angle resulting from the direct shear test, while the second method only considers the additional cohesion resulting from the mechanical effect provided by the vetiver roots. The results of the research report that, in the experimental method, the safety factor of the global stability presents a smaller increase as the root of the plant grows compared to the mathematical method. Finally, the values of the safety factors obtained from the slope stability analysis modeled in the SLIDE geotechnical software are higher than the minimum values established in the Peruvian EC regulations. 020 Stabilization of soils and slopes under static and pseudo-static conditions.

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• Planning for the Use of Crane Towers in High-Rise Multifamily Housing Projects

  Yalan, B. S.; Zapata, C. A.; Hinostroza, A. (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024-01-01)

  This research article proposes a compilation of the best practices necessary to improve the planning of the use of a crane tower in a construction site, evaluating as a case study, the SIDE Project, a high-rise multifamily housing with the incorporation of a POTAIN MC125 crane tower. The methodology applied is based on the analysis of the current planning processes of this machinery together with the problems presented by resident engineers, to then compile the good practices of the main crane tower suppliers in Peru. These were represented with the BIM modeling tool to study their effectiveness in the case study and capture the correct planning process. Finally, these practices were validated through expert judgment by specialists in this machinery. The results obtained in this research are mainly focused on the validation of the proposed good practices, receiving an approval of almost 100% by the experts in the proposed categories of the improvement processes. In addition, these collected practices received an 80% approval per category by the specialists when affirming that they are essential in the knowledge of resident engineers and builders.

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• Modeling of the Submersible Plate System to Counteract Erosion in the Huallaga River, Case: Yurimaguas—Loreto

  Giron, Amanda; Rottiers, Stefano; Jara, Mitchel (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024-01-01)

  At present, the lack of optimal riparian defense systems in the Peruvian Amazonian rivers has allowed the occurrence of natural disasters. The main objective of this report is to model different alternatives of plate batteries and simulate in Iber with flow rates and bathymetry of the area to find the most optimal alternative. The HEC-HMS software was also used to obtain the maximum flood flows for return periods of 25, 50, 100, 100, 200 and 500 years for use in IBER, which allows hydrodynamic simulations of rivers and watercourses, calculating floods and delimiting zones. The simulations were performed with the 200-year return flow, 21,749.6 m3/s. For this research 3 simulations were performed, which were divided into 3 different distributions of plate batteries, these in turn were divided into 2 different angles of attack. As the most relevant results, according to the distributions of water velocity, bottom stress, specific flow and erosion along the channel, and considering that the maximum values are far from the margin to be protected, the alternative distributions of the battery of plates that gave the best results in the channel were alternatives 1 and 3. Finally, it is concluded that the most optimal alternative and angle of attack is alternative 1 and the angle of 20°, thus counteracting erosion. Therefore, with the support of ANSYS software, the same conclusion was reached as for alternative 1, but with an angle of 25°, so that the optimal angles are 20–25 degrees.

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• Optimization of the Construction Subcontractor Selection Process for Residential Building Projects by Applying Blockchain Technology Through a Smart Contract

  Janampa, Josue; Pinedo, Jean Pierre; Rodriguez, Sandra; Ulloa, Karem (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024-01-01)

  Nowadays, the construction industry has become the main and great engine of the global economic recovery after the effects of covid-19, generating around 10.7 trillion dollars worldwide, and it is residential construction, specifically, the one in charge of driving growth in the short term, thanks to the constant demand for residential spaces. In this sense, various challenges such as new technologies, the complexity of projects, and a growing competitive environment, force the main contractor to subcontract between 80 and 90% of the activities, thus evidencing that subcontracting is an applied and necessary process in every construction project, and making subcontractors the backbone of the procurement strategy. However, one of the main risks of subcontracting is the inadequate selection of the construction subcontractor, which is often based solely on the criteria of selecting the known subcontractor and the lowest price, which often leads to risks regarding the time, cost and quality of the project. For this reason, the present research aims to improve the selection of the construction subcontractor carried out by the main contractor, through the development of a new subcontractor selection process, adapted to the current selection process, in which a Smart Contract is incorporated to greatly contribute to trust in the selection process, thanks to the contribution of Blockchain technology, in this process, through security against data manipulation, transparency of the selection process executed, traceability of information in real time pertaining to the process followed, and automation in the selection of the subcontractor under pre-established criteria.

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• Importance of the Use of Amorphous Gabions in the Face of a Possible Scour on the Continental-Peru Bridge

  Atachagua F., Diego E.; Collahua H., Jorge V.; Mogrovejo G., Rubén E. (Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024-01-01)

  The main objective of this article is to demonstrate the importance and necessity of applying amorphous gabions around the pillars of the continental bridge, to counteract the impact of scour. For the development of the research, the local scour that occurs in the pillars of the Continental Bridge (Madre de Dios, Peru) was calculated, analyzed and compared for return periods of 100 and 500 years; The Hec Ras software was used to perform the hydraulic modeling. The development of the article was accomplished by compiling scour calculation methodologies, such as the Colorado State University (CSU) method. Additionally, it was possible to reach the conclusion that, when working with the CSU method, more real values are obtained in terms of local scour.

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• Hydrological modeling in land cover - Upstream angostura dam with the use of satellite data

  Mollo, Samuel Nuñonca; Gutierrez, Ruben Esau Mogrovejo (American Institute of Physics Inc., 2024-01-31)

  Recently there are models that study the hydrological behavior in the land cover of the hydrographic basins. For this reason, it is essential to understand the hydrological impact on land cover, which will serve for the management of watersheds. The study analyzed the changes in plant cover for the periods between 1985 and 2015, where plant covers such as Tolar, Wetlands, Puna grassland, Andean grasslands, and Yaretales were identified. Therefore, it was shown that there are losses of soil covers such as wetlands at 2.39%, Puna grassland at 1.71%, and Andean grassland at 4.77%. In addition, in this research, the semi-distributed model of Soil and Water Assessment (SWAT) was applied to study the impact of land use and land cover change (LULC) on the basin's water balance under study. The model was calibrated from (1981-1992), with the flow data observed. The result indicates that the most sensitive parameters are those that regulate the surface response (CN2, SOL_AWC) and the subsurface response (GWQMN). The hydrological simulation with vegetation cover maps for the years 1985 and 2015 showed high runoff in Urban areas, Puna grassland, and Puna grassland. Finally, to validate the results, the comparison of the Number Curve elaborated on a national scale was carried out, this parameter is very important in the hydrological models of precipitation and runoff. In the simulation, NCs similar to the generation of the thematic map of the Curve Number (CN)ublished by the National Water Authority, was achieved.

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• Tuned mass system to improve the seismic response of the Apenkai model annex

  Jarro, Gabriela Araceli Hilario; Lopez, Oswaldo Jair Puchuri; Sánchez, Javier Daniel Moreno (American Institute of Physics Inc., 2024-01-31)

  or many years in Peru, the oldest essential buildings such as educational centers are not restored. Some of them have irregularly shaped pavilions. This study was carried out to obtain information on the behavior of the Apenkai model pavilions in the face of strong earthquakes, since in Peru there has been a seismic silence for 45 years. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the buildings in detail through one of the samples in Etabs to be able to estimate the possible failures that could occur due to irregularities. Subsequently, we obtain a passive control system that allows the structure to withstand intense movements, greater than 8.5 on the Richter scale, without affecting its architecture. For this reason, the present research study proposes a tuned mass system (TMD) in a unified or distributed way. When analyzing, the drift of the building in both directions decreases to less than 0.07% and 0.05% to make the structure behave more ductile. In addition, we must comply with the requirements of current Peruvian regulations without affecting the construction.

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  Evaluation through 2D Modelling of Scour around Piers with Collars in the CÁCeres Bridge in Piura, Peru

  Luliquis, Shamir; Vinces, Samuel; Mogrovejo, Rubén (EDP Sciences, 2023-09-06)

  This paper analyzes the results of the scour calculations around the group of piers of a bridge through two-dimensional modelling using the Iber software. The case under study is that of the Andrés Avelin o Cáceres Bridge, located in the Piura region, Peru, which has an approximate free span of 120 meters and has 10 pillars equally distributed on two decks. Currently, the referred bridge has pillars of rectangular section with narrowing towards the base, this type of geometry was considered as the first scenario for scour calculations; the pillars with the collars installed are part of the second scenario under study. Based on geotechnical, hydrological and hydraulic studies of the area, two-dimensional numerical modeling has been developed for each scenario in order to obtain the depths of scour. The following results were obtained: The installation of collars in the second scenario achieved a reduction of the scour depth by 29.51% on average, the observed reduction range was from 15.73% to 43.77%.

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  Investigating Fishing Vessel Casualties in Peru: A Technical and Scientific Review to Support New Regulations

  Mantari, José; Ramirez, Jorge; Figueroa, Edgardo; Huerta, Joel; Cipriano, William; Amaya, David; Cuba, Lizbeth; Guedes Soares, Carlos (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-12-01)

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• Hydraulic analysis due to flooding in the Rimac river, Carapongo sector

  Ricaldi, Eriksson Hipolito Pena; Gutierrez, Ruben Esau Mogrovejo (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)

  This article focuses on the simulation of the hydraulic behavior of the Rimac river in a 200-meter section in the Carapongo area of Lima, Peru, in order to determine the floodable areas in the event of increases in flows that exceed historical averages, calculating the levels of water and flow speeds to characterize the effects of flooding on the inhabitants who settle in nearby areas, as happened in March 2017 in the presence of flows of greater magnitudes in the Rimac river. [1] For the development of this article, the hydraulic simulation software called Hec Ras 6.2 was used using a fixed bed model with a fixed cross section channel, for which a topographic survey, granulometric analysis and subsequent estimation of the roughness coefficient were carried out, finally the review of the hydrological information with reference to the events that occurred in March 2017 in the Coastal Niño Phenomenon published in the technical reports of the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru (SENAMHI), for the consultation of the maximum flow data in March 2017 and estimation of the flow considering a flow of 200 m3/s; Finally, all this information was entered into the Hec Ras 6.2 software. The simulation results show us a flooded area near the San Antonio de Carapongo Wastewater Plant, with water depths reaching 1.0 m and a flow velocity of 5.0 m/s. The model was validated, making measurements of water depths in the field and verified with the values of simulated depth associated with the flows registered in the Chosica station of SENAMHI.

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• Evaluation of the Influence of Recycled Polypropylene on the Rutting Resistance of Asphalt Layers

  Toro, Karol Alexia Puelles; Aguilar, Estefany Dolly Reyna; Silvera, Manuel; Campos, Fernando (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)

  Rutting or rutting in asphalt pavements is one of the most frequent failures and is due to excessive stress to which the inner layers are subjected. Due to this problem, a way to increase rutting resistance was developed in this research. Therefore, mixtures of conventional asphalt were prepared with the addition of polypropylene, obtained from recycled face masks, in percentages of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. The polypropylene functions as a binding agent. Based on the results of the study, the mixture that had 0.5% of fibers presented a slight increase in stability compared to the conventional mixture, while in the other mixtures the stability decreased, since the percentage of voids increased. Likewise, the value of the modulus of elasticity, which was not obtained in the laboratory tests, was found by means of a computational simulation (ANSYS). This value is necessary to obtain the rutting generated in each asphalt mixture. Finally, the rutting is obtained by means of a computational simulation of the Hamburg Wheel test. From the rutting test results, the polypropylene-modified blends showed good resistance to deformation, reducing the rutting from 4.87 mm to 1.03 mm as the percentage of polypropylene increased from 0% to 1.5%.

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• Optimization of Cost Analysis in School Construction: Risk Management.

  Andres, Wilder; Palmer, Erazo; Sebastian, Edgar; Sotelo, Alvarez; Janice, Katia; Vargas, Melendez (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)

  This paper proposes to optimize the conventional cost analysis used by SMEs in school construction through qualitative analysis using Primavera Risk Analysis, Microsoft Excel, and Primavera P6. Several stages were carried out during the process: risk identification, identification of the most sensitive and susceptible items to project changes, sensitivity analysis, criticality analysis, all represented in tornado, bar, and scatter plots. The proposed risk management plan yielded the following results: it increased the reliability of the project's completion date from 41% to 61% in the analysis, increased budget reliability from 29% to 45%, and reduced the number of sensitive items based on 1000 iterations.

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• Analysis of Conflicts and Delays of Cyclists, Vehicles, and Pedestrians at a Busy Intersection in Lima Downtown, Peru

  Silva, Jose; Barua, Vera; Silvera, Manuel; Campos, Fernando (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)

  In Lima downtown, highly congested intersections with many cyclists and pedestrians can be observed, where conflicts are very common. Therefore, it is important to reduce conflicts to improve the mobility of all users at intersections. At the intersection of Garcilaso de la Vega and 9 de Diciembre avenues, located in the center of Lima, the behavior of the users was observed, especially that of the cyclists, where the spontaneous routes they have adapted to cross the intersection more quickly were visualized. In this study, two scenarios were evaluated: The first scenario used the current fixed traffic light cycle as the geometry of the location, and it also represented how cyclists cross through unplanned routes. In contrast, the second scenario involved adaptive traffic lights and formalized two routes for cyclists, allowing them to choose more than one alternative depending on the phase they are in when crossing the intersection. The Vissim software was used for modeling, and the SSAM methodology was employed for comparison, which counted the number of conflicts. As a result, the second scenario showed 18% fewer conflicts among users. Additionally, cyclists experienced 18% less delay.

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