Mostrando ítems 21-40 de 593

    • Model to Increase Compliance with Deliveries of Metal Structures Using TPM Tools in a Metalworking Company

      Cordova-Matias, Brigitte; Palacios-Molina, Manuel; Flores-Perez, Alberto (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Currently, the metalworking companies in the country are able to meet quality standards and at the same time meet the deadlines established for the delivery of materials. In our present investigation, the problems that the company has had and that as a consequence delayed production delivery times and the advantages that were had when implementing a lean manufacturing tool called total productive maintenance (TPM) are evident. Machine failures were improved, losses and defective products were reduced through its application, a preventive maintenance plan is managed in order to avoid 100% of maintenance being corrective. Therefore, the objective is to increase sales by 10% compared to the previous year with the use of the TPM. Finally, compliance with production deliveries is improved.
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    • An automatic system for defect detection in plastic crates for glass bottles.

      Juarez, Matthews; Cruz, Anderson De La; Vinces, Leonardo; Vargas, Dante (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      The project describes the design and implementation of an automatic system for detecting defects in plastic crates for glass bottles. In all companies there is damage and defects in their cases, crates, or containers due to constant use, as they are reusable, and therefore this problem causes various economic losses and a decrease in production, especially in beverage companies. This system was designed to solve and prevent the crates from having defects in their base and containing waste inside, to obtain less product losses in the bottle packaging area. In this research, it is proposed to design the automatic system, which consists of training a convolutional neural network with a database of 136 photographs of waste and defects in the boxes that will be taken by the HQ Raspberry Camera; then programmed into the Raspberry the process of activating the engine so that the box is moved to the point where it will be detected by the photoelectric sensor and the inspection is performed; and finally it is classified indicating whether or not it is in optimal conditions. This is developed in Python using different libraries such as OpenCV, TensorFlow, Tkinter among others. Our results show that the classification and object detection accuracy reached 91.84% out of a bank of 264 tests performed.
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    • Optimization of the dimensions of the Tablachaca sand trap dam with the application of HEC-RAS in Peru

      Guillen, Carlos Banos; Aguila, Juan Diego Guerra Del; Gutierrez, Ruben Mogrovejo (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      This article will detail the steps to model a sand trap in the HEC-RAS software and once modeled, which variables can be modified to obtain greater decantation of particles in the sand trap. The sand trap to be modeled is the one found in the Tablachaca dam. In the first place, the process of designing a sand trap and the variables involved will be explained. Then, it will be explained which variables of the sand trap and contour (environment) intervene in the modeling, to develop the numerical modeling in the HEC-RAS software. It has been determined that the sand trap is divided into 4 naves, each approximately 9 meters wide and 120 meters long, and, for modeling, it was decided to model a single nave. Data on the granulometry of the sediments and flows that reach the Tablachaca dam were obtained from previous works. When modeling the sand trap in HEC-RAS, there is a sedimentation layer of approximately 2.54 centimeters on the side closest to the dam (downstream).
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    • A development of an automated system for the transportation and cutting of raw glass using a suction gripper and a Fletcher cutter with a KUKA robot

      Salazar, Hector; Yoshimoto, Gonzalo; Vinces, Leonardo; Oliden, Jose (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Currently, industries need to reduce production times, eliminate the possibility of human errors, and increase company profits. However, this is quite challenging since operators, working long hours each day, are prone to making mistakes due to fatigue or the use of outdated techniques. Taking this into account, this paper proposes the development of a hybrid suction and cutting gripper utilizing a Fletcher cutter attached to a KUKA KR60 robot responsible for cutting and transporting raw glass. The robot's motion is programmed using Kuka Sim Pro, while the design and stress analysis of the hybrid gripper were performed in Inventor. The result was an automated system capable of achieving cuts with a precision of 0.025 mm and a speed ratio of approximately twenty cutting and transportation processes per hour.
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    • A multi-purpose Gripper for KUKA KR-60 welding robot and inspection chamber

      Escalante, Wilmer; Ydrogo, Elias; Vinces, Leonardo (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      At present, imperfections are still observed in the welding of the vehicle chassis, due to the fact that the inspection of the welding seam is still carried out manually. In other words, there are still companies that depend on an operator to verify the welding, which has resulted in less durability of the vehicle chassis, as they do not have adequate reinforcement when entering areas where greater strength and traction is required. For this reason, the use of a gripper is proposed, the purpose of which will be to carry out and inspect the weld seam. This mechanism consists of the use of 3 tools: MIG torch, dremel and camera, each tool will be used in a certain period of time independently in order to guarantee the correct welding seam. For this purpose, the analysis of the behaviour of the robotic arm will be taken into consideration by using the Denavit Hartenberg algorithm, which helps us to establish the reference systems for each link of the robot. Firstly, MIG welding is used. Secondly, we wait for a short period of time to let the weld bead cool down, then we use the dremel tool with a twisted conical brush accessory to perform a little reaming to remove some surface impurities. Finally, after waiting a short period of time for the effect to take effect, a Logitech c922 camera is used to capture an image of the bead and perform image processing to see what type of imperfection the weld has. The design uses duraluminium, MDF, zinc-plated rods and ABS filament for the 3D printer. The expected result is to obtain a correct quality control of the welding to guarantee the durability of the fundamental part of the vehicle.
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    • A training system for taekwondo players with impact and linear displacement data collection

      Vasquez, Sebastian; Turpo, Jelson; Vinces, Leonardo; Vargas, Dante (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Currently, technology does not accompany Peruvian high performance Taekwondo athletes in an efficient way where there is the ability to read all the physical performance data, obtain a database of it constantly and have a system that allows practicing the slide that is often used as footwork. It should be noted that there is not much prominence of the robotic sector to be applied in sport as well as the lack of data records of specific variables that can quantify the skill of high-level taekwondo players. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to promote technological assistance to increase competitiveness in Peruvian taekwondo players and to improve their physical performance. For this purpose, a training system was implemented, which has 'dommys' (kicking shields) of the official brand 'JCALICU' conditioned with a wooden plate, load cells and piezoelectrics for the reception of kicking data. There is also a paddle that will move radially to receive the axe type kick and, for the linear displacement, a motor with chain transmission will be used. The methodology used is programming, I2C serial communication, numerical simulation and PID control. The result is a training system capable of linear displacement and of displaying the data of force, reaction time and precision of the athletes' kicks in a graphic interface.
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    • A design of a distillation column to produce an alcoholic beverage based on Blueberries

      Susuki, Ken; Ipanaque, Andres; Vinces, Leonardo (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      In various industries, the fruit is utilized to produce derivative products such as beverages, vitamin C masks, jam, ice cream, pastries, among others. This highlights an area that has not been thoroughly explored: its use as a raw material, once fermented, to produce a distilled beverage with a strong presence of antioxidant properties. Various mathematical calculations were performed to obtain a column capable of distilling the fermented product at a maximum temperature of 98 ^{\circ}\mathrm{C} without damaging the antioxidant compounds present in blueberries. Therefore, calculations were made for the number of stages required in the distillation column, the column diameter, the distance between stages, and the simulation of the distillation process for the fermented blueberry must. Therefore, a novel mechanical design of the distillation column was carried out using the rigorous FenskeUnderwood-Gilliland methodology. Additionally, electronic, and electrical equipment were carefully selected to ensure a robust system capable of withstanding unfavourable climates and environments. The designed system was validated through a temperature-induced mechanical stress analysis using ANSYS R2 2022, followed by numerical simulation. With this innovative mechanical design and temperature control system, a production ratio of 1:7 was achieved compared to the initial batch of 50 L of blueberry must for a blueberry-derived alcoholic beverage with a 40% alcohol content and the presence of antioxidants concentration such as resveratrol.
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    • A development of a mechatronic system to stimulate cognitive skills in children.

      Roncalla, Sofia; Salinas, Ten; Vinces, Leonardo; Oliden, Jose (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Assisted robots for the treatment of learning for children are currently on the rise and this is thanks to the good potential that robots have to communicate and capture their attention. It is proposed to make a humanoid robot called Potts that will be developed in 3D printing and that can be developed in Peru to improve learning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in different parts of the country. The robot was manufactured in PLA material and has 8 degrees of freedom in addition to being able to have a graphical interface with the user using two touch screens of 3.5 and 7 inches. It will use a Raspberry Pi control and will have an audio system which can communicate various instructions to the children. An experiment was conducted to compare the efficiency of performing a dynamic practiced by a psychologist versus the proposed robot. As a result, it was obtained that the child obtained fewer wrong answers with the robot than with the psychologist (decrease of repetitions up to 50% less). In addition, the percentage of time that the child kept looking at the psychologist or the robot during the dynamic was calculated. A value of 85% was obtained for following the robot compared to 60% of the time that was spent with the psychologist.
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    • A comparative analysis of the efficiency between different datasets in the identification of dogs and cats in a CNN

      Garcia, Sebastian; Leon, Adrian Ponce De; Vinces, Leonardo; Oliden, Jose (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Nowadays, several methodologies and algorithms are being developed to improve image recognition and increase efficiency in species identification. In this context, this paper introduces a comparative analysis of the efficiency between different datasets in the identification of dogs and cats in a convolutional neural network (CNN). In this study, a convolutional neural network architecture with 13 layers was evaluated using three different datasets. In the first set, the 'catsvsdogs' database from TensorFlow was used. In the second CNNN, the network was trained using a set of images that included only dog2 and cat2 species. Finally, in the third CNN the network was trained using a set of images that included only dog3 and cat3 species. The hypothesis put forward is that training a convolutional neural network with customized images of specific dogs and cats improves the accuracy in identifying these species compared to using the TensorFlow dataset. The performance of both models was evaluated using standard machine learning metrics. The results show that the accuracy of the convolutional neural network trained with personalized images increased significantly compared to previous results. Specifically, the recognition accuracy of specific dogs and cats improved considerably. In addition, the training time was reduced by approximately 94.8%, from 116 minutes to only 6 minutes. In conclusion, the use of personalized images in the training set can significantly improve the accuracy in identifying these species in a convolutional network, which can be especially useful in applications such as automatic pet feeders, where high accuracy is required when identifying the pet and providing the correct food.
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    • A design and analysis of a Darrieus Helical vertical axis wind generator by numerical simulation

      Carpio, Jorge; Banda, Kevin; Vinces, Leonardo; Ronceros, Julio (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      This study addresses the problem of pollution and high energy demand in Peru, caused by population growth in the city. It proposes the use of renewable energy as a solution and seeks to analyze and design a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) with variable rotor radius to evaluate its sustainability in Piura, Peru, as a renewable energy option. Climatological data from the Global Wind Atlas and the Capitán FAP Víctor Montes Arias Airport in Talara, Piura, were used. The blades were designed with aerodynamic models from SANDIA laboratories and analyzed using simulation software such as QBLADE and ANSYS FLUENT. The results indicate that the VAWT is efficient (Cp = 0.58) when the blades are contracted at 13.4 m/s. A closed-loop control is proposed to adjust the rotor radius with an anemometer. In addition, the airfoil behavior is observed by pressure and velocity plots in ANSYS FLUENT.
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    • A system for detecting objects and estimating their distance using a neural network

      Salcedo, Joan; Ramos, Nehemias; Vinces, Leonardo; Vargas, Dante (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      This article proposes using neural networks to solve the challenge of accurately measuring the distance of an object using cameras and digital image processing. For this, a neural network was trained using a data set that includes information on the distance in pixels of the centers of mass of the object detected by the cameras. This data was used to teach the network to make an accurate estimate of the actual distance of the object. Image analysis methods were also used in conjunction with images of the object previously captured and trained with YoloV8 on Roboflow. The results obtained showed a notable improvement in the precision that is obtained when measuring the distance without the tedious calibration that is had in the other approaches considered for this investigation. Overcame the challenges associated with camera calibration due to possible distortion, accuracy, and generalization generated by changing the environment, resulting in an effective solution with 90% accuracy percentage and a dense neural network with an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer with 2000 training cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of neural networks and image processing to address distance measurement problems in various applications, such as robotics, road safety, and autonomous navigation.
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    • Simulation of a mechanical prototype for the extraction of soil sampling using PETG and PLA material

      Culqui, Marcelo; Quispe, Jhon; Vinces, Leonardo (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Corn production in Perú during the last five years has been reduced for various reasons and the inefficient application of technology, because the progress of technology has been decreasing the intervention of the human hand in the field. For example, the use of automated pivot irrigation systems has had a positive impact on the efficiency of irrigation administered to the plants; however, this system has resulted in the neglect of the plants in the first months, generating a final production lower than that estimated for each harvest season. In view of this, the use of Unmanned Aerial Units (UAV) is proposed in order to collect soil samples around the cultivated field to be delivered to the laboratory for analysis. This mechanism consists of an arm with two degrees of freedom including an extractor that presents an auger with a worm inside, in turn it will have a rotational movement through a reduction box, the design will be manufactured in PLA and PETG material to be implemented in the UAV and perform extractions of samples of sand and soil present in Olmos, Lambayeque, Peru. In addition, this model includes a storage tank for the samples obtained to be able to perform up to three samples at different points during a single flight. The expected result is to obtain up to three samples in a range of 250 grams per extraction point in one flight, so the sampling depth will be 16 cm and a diameter of 6 cm.
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    • An autonomous navigation system for an unmanned surface vehicle for plastic waste collection

      Figueroa, Piero; Marsano, Luis; Vinces, Leonardo; Vargas, Dante (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      This article proposes the design of an autonomous navigation system intended for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) in the form of catamarans with differential propulsion, whose primary function is the collection of plastic waste in aquatic environments such as seas and lakes. The fundamental goal of this system is to optimize the operational capabilities of the USVs by increasing their navigational autonomy, consequently reducing the costs associated with their operation and production. In this context, the vehicle has been mathematically modeled, and a navigation system composed of four essential components has been established. The first component involves heading control, which utilizes GPS and IMU to estimate the orientation of the USV. The second component is the obstacle avoidance system, which employs a lidar sensor. The third component is a collection system that relies on a computer vision model with convolutional neural networks to detect different types of plastics and manage the collection process. Finally, an architecture has been designed to facilitate the interconnection of all the aforementioned control systems.
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    • Hydraulic analysis due to flooding in the Rimac river, Carapongo sector

      Ricaldi, Eriksson Hipolito Pena; Gutierrez, Ruben Esau Mogrovejo (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      This article focuses on the simulation of the hydraulic behavior of the Rimac river in a 200-meter section in the Carapongo area of Lima, Peru, in order to determine the floodable areas in the event of increases in flows that exceed historical averages, calculating the levels of water and flow speeds to characterize the effects of flooding on the inhabitants who settle in nearby areas, as happened in March 2017 in the presence of flows of greater magnitudes in the Rimac river. [1] For the development of this article, the hydraulic simulation software called Hec Ras 6.2 was used using a fixed bed model with a fixed cross section channel, for which a topographic survey, granulometric analysis and subsequent estimation of the roughness coefficient were carried out, finally the review of the hydrological information with reference to the events that occurred in March 2017 in the Coastal Niño Phenomenon published in the technical reports of the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru (SENAMHI), for the consultation of the maximum flow data in March 2017 and estimation of the flow considering a flow of 200 m3/s; Finally, all this information was entered into the Hec Ras 6.2 software. The simulation results show us a flooded area near the San Antonio de Carapongo Wastewater Plant, with water depths reaching 1.0 m and a flow velocity of 5.0 m/s. The model was validated, making measurements of water depths in the field and verified with the values of simulated depth associated with the flows registered in the Chosica station of SENAMHI.
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    • Evaluation of the Influence of Recycled Polypropylene on the Rutting Resistance of Asphalt Layers

      Toro, Karol Alexia Puelles; Aguilar, Estefany Dolly Reyna; Silvera, Manuel; Campos, Fernando (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Rutting or rutting in asphalt pavements is one of the most frequent failures and is due to excessive stress to which the inner layers are subjected. Due to this problem, a way to increase rutting resistance was developed in this research. Therefore, mixtures of conventional asphalt were prepared with the addition of polypropylene, obtained from recycled face masks, in percentages of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. The polypropylene functions as a binding agent. Based on the results of the study, the mixture that had 0.5% of fibers presented a slight increase in stability compared to the conventional mixture, while in the other mixtures the stability decreased, since the percentage of voids increased. Likewise, the value of the modulus of elasticity, which was not obtained in the laboratory tests, was found by means of a computational simulation (ANSYS). This value is necessary to obtain the rutting generated in each asphalt mixture. Finally, the rutting is obtained by means of a computational simulation of the Hamburg Wheel test. From the rutting test results, the polypropylene-modified blends showed good resistance to deformation, reducing the rutting from 4.87 mm to 1.03 mm as the percentage of polypropylene increased from 0% to 1.5%.
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    • Optimization of Cost Analysis in School Construction: Risk Management.

      Andres, Wilder; Palmer, Erazo; Sebastian, Edgar; Sotelo, Alvarez; Janice, Katia; Vargas, Melendez (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      This paper proposes to optimize the conventional cost analysis used by SMEs in school construction through qualitative analysis using Primavera Risk Analysis, Microsoft Excel, and Primavera P6. Several stages were carried out during the process: risk identification, identification of the most sensitive and susceptible items to project changes, sensitivity analysis, criticality analysis, all represented in tornado, bar, and scatter plots. The proposed risk management plan yielded the following results: it increased the reliability of the project's completion date from 41% to 61% in the analysis, increased budget reliability from 29% to 45%, and reduced the number of sensitive items based on 1000 iterations.
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    • Analysis of Conflicts and Delays of Cyclists, Vehicles, and Pedestrians at a Busy Intersection in Lima Downtown, Peru

      Silva, Jose; Barua, Vera; Silvera, Manuel; Campos, Fernando (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      In Lima downtown, highly congested intersections with many cyclists and pedestrians can be observed, where conflicts are very common. Therefore, it is important to reduce conflicts to improve the mobility of all users at intersections. At the intersection of Garcilaso de la Vega and 9 de Diciembre avenues, located in the center of Lima, the behavior of the users was observed, especially that of the cyclists, where the spontaneous routes they have adapted to cross the intersection more quickly were visualized. In this study, two scenarios were evaluated: The first scenario used the current fixed traffic light cycle as the geometry of the location, and it also represented how cyclists cross through unplanned routes. In contrast, the second scenario involved adaptive traffic lights and formalized two routes for cyclists, allowing them to choose more than one alternative depending on the phase they are in when crossing the intersection. The Vissim software was used for modeling, and the SSAM methodology was employed for comparison, which counted the number of conflicts. As a result, the second scenario showed 18% fewer conflicts among users. Additionally, cyclists experienced 18% less delay.
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    • Conceptual and Numerical Interpretation of the Hypothetical Failure of Tablachaca Dam Using RAMMS Model-Quichuas-Huancavelica-Peru

      Rodriguez, Yherzi Kenyi Qqueso; Zerpa, Gonzalo Eduardo Flores; Gutierrez, Ruben Esau Mogrovejo (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Dams are very useful hydraulic structures nowadays as they allow the generation of renewable energy, such as the case of the Tablachaca dam, one of the largest in Peru, which harnesses the waters of the Mantaro River. This dam is located in the Quichuas-Huancavelica sector and provides a significant amount of energy each year. However, it also poses a significant risk to the surrounding population and the Electroperu camp since it has been observed that this type of structure can fail due to hydraulic, structural, and geotechnical factors, leading to a breach in the structure or affecting its internal functioning, potentially resulting in dam failure. In such an event, it would devastate the downstream population. In this investigation, our focus was to corroborate this hypothesis in order to identify and delimit the most affected areas by the displacement of the flow. We compiled data to validate the hypothesis and used the RAMMS software to analyze sediment flow displacement. Two scenarios were analyzed, each with different time parameters, density, and roughness. According to the simulations, a height of approximately 40 meters was reached, which is sufficient to engulf the Quichuas village and completely devastate a portion of it. Additionally, the tangential velocities of the debris flow ranged from 10 to 20 meters per second, and the forces exceeded150 Kpa, indicating a highly destructive risk.
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    • Evaluation of the influence of the turning radius of heavy vehicles inside a roundabout in vehicular conflicts

      Luna, Cesar Oswaldo Vera; Esquivel, Milagros Yolanda Gavilano; Silvera, Manuel; Campos, Fernando (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Roundabouts allow a continuous vehicular flow and a greater traffic capacity compared to conventional intersections. This alternative makes it possible to improve the critical situation at some points on the main roads. However, its efficiency is reduced when the structure has a reduced area. Likewise, the presence of heavy vehicles affects the continuous circulation of other vehicles because they occupy more than one lane to make the turn correctly. Therefore, there are many vehicle conflicts, delays and queues. This research aims to evaluate conflicts in a roundabout with a reduced area. Then, in scenario 1, the heavy vehicles in the roundabout under study were replaced by cars to evaluate the influence of heavy vehicles through the variation of vehicular conflicts. Finally, compare a second scenario of a roundabout with defined lanes for heavy vehicles inside the central island. The defined lanes that cross the central island have a greater turning radius compared to those designed in the roundabout. Data collection of the current situation was performed and then Vissim microscopic simulation software was used to simulate the scenarios using the collected traffic data. To evaluate the turning radius, the design vehicle used was the semi-Trailer (trailer), since it is one of the main ones that circulates through the intersection under study and requires a wide turning radius. The results of scenario 1 that replaces the trailers with cars show a decrease in conflicts by 20%. In the same way, it happens in scenario 2, which presents a similar reduction in vehicular conflicts than scenario 1. Likewise, scenario 2 presents a decrease in vehicular delays, which improves the efficiency of the infrastructure under study.
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    • Application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to optimize the request for information (RFI) process in construction projects

      Sandoval, Ivan Segundo Maza; Bernardo, Jean Piere Alex Oscco; Dionisio, Sandra Rodriguez; Aquino, Alexandra Hinostroza (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-01)
      Due to the fierce competition that businesses in this industry are engaging in to win difficult projects and improve their projection capabilities, construction projects are currently expanding significantly and adjusting to ongoing changes. Improvements in the management of construction processes are therefore encouraged to speed up project completion, save costs, and boost quality by the projects' baseline or scope. On the other hand, research reveals that common issues that arise during the execution stage include, among others, a lack of information, a lack of a foundational definition, and communication disruptions between departments. Most often, this results in the development of several Requests for Information, which hinders the beneficial flow of operations. Additionally, according to the standard procedure for these requests, a lengthy waiting period is necessary before receiving a response, which entails delays of up to 10\%. A new communication method is suggested with the following presumption to speed up project RFI responses. Information and communication technologies (ICT), a crucial resource in the modern world, are used to accomplish this. By centralizing and arranging the information for cross-stakeholder evaluation, these technologies enhance the interchange of project information. By combining technological tools, the proposal redesigns the traditional procedure, which has significantly improved the projects appraised.
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