Transferring commuters on Atocongo (Lima, Perú), between Linea Amarilla (buses) and Line 1 of the Lima Metro (subway) shows various challenges. Commuters have to board the buses on the street, after crossing crowded roads, there are also interruptions like street vendors, crowded sidewalks, and lack of traffic signals at crosswalks. The transfer time is not optimized and the actios is not safe for commuters. This research proposes a multimodal interconnection that reduces transfer time and leads users directly between both transportation systems, on both routes: From Santiago de Surco (SS) and San Juan de Miraflores (SJM). The transfer time was obtained (current situation) and a model was developed with the interconnection infrastructure of both transport systems (proposed situation). From the comparison of both situations, it was obtained that the times were reduced, for the route from SS 49.87% and for the route from SJM 28.87%. It is concluded that the proposed model manages to reduce the user's transfering time.

As a developing country, Peru has great limitations in the application of new and innovative technologies in the construction sector. Construction projects consist of several stages in their development, one of the most important is the planning stage, which is essential to achieve efficient execution and meet established deadlines. However, this stage is usually tedious and complicated to carry out since there are multiple factors that can affect the estimates obtained from the planning process. However, the deadlines for the execution of construction projects are tight and failure to comply generates large losses of money. That is why this article seeks to implement the Lines of Balance (LOB), Last Planner System (LPS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodologies to the traditional procedure. First, surveys were conducted on three different construction projects to determine the traditional planning process. Secondly, a procedure is developed to integrate the 3 aforementioned methodologies. Finally, the process was applied in a building project. A comparative analysis was carried out between the current state of the project and the state after using the aforementioned procedure. As a result, execution speeds increased for the items that maintained the same amount of work, the amount of m3 of slab emptying increased by 33.33%. It was observed that in the planning and work execution phase, the procedure improves the speed of execution of the items.

The coastal zone of Peru is exposed to a high seismic risk, and many essential constructions in the country still lack seismic protection systems. This increases the likelihood of these structures experiencing considerable damage in the event of a severe earthquake, potentially leading to collapse. The present research proposes the implementation of Taylor-type viscous fluid dampers and Bozzo-type Shear Link metallic dampers, through two different designs applied to the same case study involving a reinforced concrete structure in the pavilion of a typical school built on soft ground in Lima. For this purpose, a spectral modal dynamic analysis of the building without dampers was conducted, as well as a linear time-history dynamic analysis of the structures with dampers. The results of these analyses provided the displacements and drifts of the structures. It was observed that the conventionally designed structure does not exhibit adequate structural behavior in the face of a severe earthquake, unlike the structures with damper implementation, which showed a significant reduction in their drifts and displacements. However, it was emphasized that the structure with the implementation of metallic dampers exhibited better structural behavior compared to the structure with viscous fluid dampers.

This article addresses the study of internal flow dynamics within a cryogenic chamber designed for freezing food using liquid nitrogen injection. The chamber features a circular section with strategically placed jet-type atomizers for this purpose. The primary objective is to extend the residence time of the cryogenic fluid within the chamber to ensure uniform and effective freezing of the passing food items. This is achieved by inducing a swirl effect through strategic deceleration of the flow using the atomizers. The meticulous placement of these atomizers at periodic intervals along the internal walls of the cylindrical chamber ensures prolonged recirculation of the internal flow. Internal temperature analysis is crucial to ensure the freezing process. The study is supported by numerical analysis in CFD ANSYS to assess the dynamics of the swirl effect and parameters associated with the nitrogen–air interface, from which we obtain a sophisticated analysis thanks to the design of a hexahedral mesh made in greater detail in ICEM CFD. This approach aims to understand internal flow behavior and its correlation with the complexity of cryogenic system design, utilizing variable nitrogen-injection pressures and strategic atomizer placement as fundamental parameters to optimize system design.

Objetivo: El siguiente estudio de revisión bibliográfica se propone como objetivo general evidenciar con bibliografía actualizada, estudios que nos permitan comprender la magnitud del riesgo que afronta el trabajador frente a las demandas que exige las tareas de paletizado, a nivel biomecánico, fisiológico y riesgos relacionados al trabajo así como el beneficio de la implementación de apoyos mecánicos. Material y Métodos: Se realizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en los diferentes motores de búsqueda: Google académico, HINARI, revista APPLIED ERGONOMICS de editorial Elsevier y revista ERGONOMICS de Taylor & Francis, así mismo también se usaron textos de consultas actuales sobre ergonomía y biomecánica. Resultados: Se evidencian que la carga física biomecánica al paletizar es alta sobretodo en trabajos donde los trabajadores no tienen experiencia, así mismo la forma de la caja, el tamaño, la distancia de paletizado, la frecuencia y el modo operatorio afecta notablemente el riesgo de lesión en columna lumbosacra así como incrementa el nivel de gasto energético. Se adoptan los criterios establecidos por NIOSH (1994) que establecen no sobrepasar el 50% de la capacidad aeróbica en tareas que duren menos o una hora, el 40 % en tareas que duren entre 1 y 2 horas y el 33% en tareas que duren entre 2 a 8 horas. Conclusiones: Las técnicas posturales empleadas por trabajadores experimentados no garantizan una protección elevada contra el riesgo de lesión de columna, sin embargo las técnicas son mejores y mas estables para disminuir el riesgo que en los trabajadores no experimentados. El costo beneficio es un factor importante al momento de buscar soluciones para justificar el gasto, en el estudio presentado sobre grúas en pacientes se observa que se ahorra hasta en 70% en costos directos e indirectos al trabajador.

One of the efficient techniques that is currently used in pavement engineering to improve the stress–strain response conditions of the pavement structure includes the stabilization of its structural layer components. There are several laying techniques that include the usage of stabilizing agents such as emulsified and foamed asphalt. In these technologies, the temperature of the environment is observed to play a critical role. This condition is often considered to be the main factor that encourages the usage of foamed asphalt for stabilization. Further, the aforementioned technique specifies that, at temperatures of approximately 10 °C or lower, the asphalt particles are not effectively inserted in the foamed granular material mastic; they are instead merged with other asphalt particles. This causes an agglomeration of coalesced asphalt, prevents adequate foaming, and hinders the pavement layer from compaction. In such a situation, the pavement will exhibit a structural strength deficiency. Therefore, this study experimentally investigates the environmental temperatures at which an efficient layer that is stabilized using foamed asphalt may be obtained both in the laboratory as well as in the field. Further, this study proposes a new limit. Apart from exceeding this temperature limit, the study also offers an alternative with respect to the usage of asphalt emulsions to stabilize the granular layer. This technique comprises the dispersion of asphalt particles in an aqueous medium; however, when this technique is applied at low temperatures, the low temperatures do not allow the system to reach a critical condition of inapplicability, which is observed when the asphalt foam is used for stabilization. Further, the mechanical behaviors of the foamed pavement at temperatures of lower than 10 °C are discussed. Additionally, this study exhibits the results of stabilized layers that use a slow-setting asphalt emulsion (CSS-1h) as a solution to the temperature problem that is associated with the usage of the foaming technique. The investigation is performed based on a project that is conducted in the extremely low temperature areas of the Peruvian Andean highlands, which are located at an altitude of 4,000 to 5,000 meters above the sea level.

The presence of moisture on a pavement causes sudden changes in direction, decreased speed and even vehicular accidents, because the slip resistance is reduced. Therefore, it forces the driver to travel in a more conservative way. This article evaluates the slip resistance of a permeable concrete pavement considering curved sections, which are critical points with difficulty in maneuvering. In addition, the comparison of the International Friction Index (IFI) of two prototypes is developed by carrying out the British Pendulum and Sand Circle test. Therefore, the friction coefficient F(s) at different speeds is determined. The results indicate that, in the critical condition, that is, when the tire is new, the friction F(s) of the permeable pavement is 44.5% greater compared to a conventional pavement when the speed is 60 km/h. This is, how the values obtained contribute to meeting the ideal conditions of a road design. Therefore, the stopping visibility distance requirements for the permeable is 13.8% less than the distance required for the conventional pavement when presenting a speed of 60 km/h.

The primary objective of this research wasto propose a modification to the current route of bus 7103, in order to decrease the total travel time for the users. The methodology employed was based on the application of the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) function to calculate travel times for both the original route and the segments proposed by this study. These proposed sections are chosen with criteria based on their proximity to potential commercial areas, minimizing deviation from the original route, avoiding significant impacts on the circulation of other vehicles, among others. The main results revealed that the current total travel time is 245minutes, whereas the proposed route would have an estimated time of 228 minutes, representing a reduction of 17 minutes, equivalent to a 7% decrease.

In Peru, the discharge of wastewater is due to the lack of treatment and sewage infrastructure in various areas of the country, mainly in new human settlements resulting from the unplanned and disproportionate growth of Peruvian cities. inside of city that constantly being impacted by the water that reaches its water mirrors, just due to the constant dumping of domestic wastewater mainly from the settlements located in the buffer zone. Therefore, we seek to improve the quality of the water of these canals using of horizontal flow subsurface wetlands using Chrysopogon zizanioide and Cyperus alternifolius species. We evaluated the removal of different parameters such as BOD5, turbidity and thermotolerant coliforms (TC). We found that the removal percentages for BDO5 were 66.87% for Cyperus alternifolius and 62.84% for Chrysopogon zizanioide. TC removal was 99.08% (Chrysopogon zizanioide) and 98.43% (Cyperus alternifolius) and to turbidity, both species reached high removals, up to 99.18%.

The delinquency rate among clients of banking institutions in Peru has increased exponentially in recent years, due to the lack of early detection of potentially delinquent clients, mainly due to the use of inadequate prediction techniques for the identification of delinquent clients. This causes profitability to be reduced, credit risk to increase and the country's economy to be unstable. Previously, different solutions were generated to prevent non-payment, however these studies were not applied in the Peruvian environment and did not cover the personal and financial variables necessary to improve the detection of delinquent clients. In this work, a delinquency prediction system is proposed using classification algorithms such as logistic regression and Random Forest, with the aim of improving and automating the early detection of delinquent clients and counteracting the increase in delinquency, so that banks can of Peru can reduce their financial losses due to non-payment by delinquent clients, and prevent the granting of consumer loans to clients who have a high probability of delinquency. After validating the performance of the algorithm using key indicators, it was obtained that the results are superior to the compared algorithms, thus showing a precision of 90 percent, a recall of 95 percent and an accuracy of 91 percent.