RSS 1.0Facultad de Ingeniería
Recent Submissions
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Socio-Environmental Risks Linked with Mine Tailings Chemical Composition: Promoting Responsible and Safe Mine Tailings Management Considering Copper and Gold Mining Experiences from Chile and Peru(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-05-01)There is a need to define mine tailings in a clear, precise, multidisciplinary, transdisciplinary, and holistic manner, considering not only geotechnical and hydraulic concepts but also integrating environmental and geochemical aspects with implications for the sustainability of mining. This article corresponds to an independent study that answers questions concerning the definition of mine tailings and the socio-environmental risks linked with mine tailings chemical composition by examining the practical experience of industrial-scale copper and gold mining projects in Chile and Peru. Definitions of concepts and analysis of key aspects in the responsible management of mine tailings, such as characterization of metallic–metalloid components, non-metallic components, metallurgical reagents, and risk identification, among others, are presented. Implications of potential environmental impacts from the generation of acid rock drainage (ARD) in mine tailings are discussed. Finally, the article concludes that mine tailings are potentially toxic to both communities and the environment, and cannot be considered as inert and innocuous materials; thus, mine tailings require safe, controlled, and responsible management with the application of the most high management standards, use of the best available technologies (BATs), use of best applicable practices (BAPs), and implementation of the best environmental practices (BEPs) to avoid risk and potential socio-environmental impact due to accidents or failure of tailings storage facilities (TSFs).Acceso abierto
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An algorithm for obtaining the frequency and the times of respiratory phases from nasal and oral acoustic signals(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2023-02-01)This work proposes a computational algorithm which extracts the frequency, timings and signal segments corresponding to respiratory phases, through buccal and nasal acoustic signal processing. The proposal offers a computational solution for medical applications which require on-site or remote patient monitoring and evaluation of pulmonary pathologies, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The state of the art presents a few respiratory evaluation proposals through buccal and nasal acoustic signals. Most proposals focus on respiratory signals acquired by a medical professional, using stethoscopes and electrodes located on the thorax. In this case the signal acquisition process is carried out through the use of a low cost and easy to use mask, which is equipped with strategically positioned and connected electret microphones, to maximize the proposed algorithm's performance. The algorithm employs signal processing techniques such as signal envelope detection, decimation, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and detection of peaks and time intervals via estimation of local maxima and minima in a signal's envelope. For the validation process a database of 32 signals of different respiratory modes and frequencies was used. Results show a maximum average error of 2.23% for breathing rate, 2.81% for expiration time and 3.47% for inspiration time.Acceso abierto
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Artificial neural network model to predict student performance using nonpersonal information(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-02-09)In recent years, artificial intelligence has played an important role in education, wherein one of the most commonly used applications is forecasting students’ academic performance based on personal information such as social status, income, address, etc. This study proposes and develops an artificial neural network model capable of determining whether a student will pass a certain class without using personal or sensitive information that may compromise student privacy. For model training, we used information regarding 32,000 students collected from The Open University of the United Kingdom, such as number of times they took the course, average number of evaluations, course pass rate, average use of virtual materials per date and number of clicks in virtual classrooms. Attributes selected for the model are as follows: 93.81% accuracy, 94.15% precision, 95.13% recall, and 94.64% F1-score. These results will help the student authorities to take measures to avoid withdrawal and underachievement.Acceso abierto
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Contributions to the Technological Adoption Model for the Peruvian Agro-Export Sector(IGI Global, 2021-01-01)This paper proposes a technology adoption model called TAM 4, based on the TAM model considering the trust and perceived risk factors to the adoption of technology in response to governments’ concern to achieve competitiveness in the most important economic activities. The methodology used considers the predictive method. The sample was selected from 67 companies related to foreign trade that carry out agro export tasks, with a confidence level of 90% and an error percentage of ± 10% and the 0.787 of Cronbach’s Alpha obtained for the instrument’s validation. In conclusion, 97% of the companies informally adopt technology. This shows that 68% of the companies surveyed in the sector would be willing to adopt the model.Acceso abierto
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An Electronic Equipment for Automatic Identification of Forest Seed Species(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)This work proposes an electronic equipment which identifies forest seeds for academic and research purposes. Existing integral solutions are prohibitively costly for silviculture laboratories used in forestry teaching. Thus, they must identify the seed by visual inspection, causing visual fatigue and results with low reliability. The state of the art proposes solutions using support vector machines, achieving a 98.82% accuracy for sunflower seeds. Other solutions extract morphological attributes of mussel seeds to identify up to 5 species with an accuracy of 95%. Most solutions only identify a single seed type with similar sizes. In this context, an electronic equipment is developed. It consists of an image acquisition enclosure, an electromechanical device to move a camera so different sizes of seeds can be imaged at different distances, and a single-board computer to control the image processing and artificial intelligence (convolutional neural network) algorithms. The equipment achieves an accuracy of 95%, which is satisfactory for potential users and silviculture specialists.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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An Electronic Equipment for Measuring Color Difference Between Tissues Based on Digital Image Processing and Neural Networks(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)This work proposes an electronic equipment aimed at measuring the color difference between fabrics for a homogeneous selection of these. The proposed method analyzes tissues with different illuminants so that, by taking measurements with a camera, the impact of effects such as metamerism can be reduced, resulting in a more accurate method that represents reality. For this, an enclosure was designed and built to allow constant lighting conditions and spotlights with standard lighting were installed. On the software side, the camera was manually configured to ensure persistent measurements over time and the colors obtained from the RGB color space were converted to CIELAB. For the calculation of the color difference, the Delta E (CMC) color difference equation was used because this is the standard used in the textile industry. Finally, a neural network was trained to estimate the color difference between the fabrics. To validate the results, the measurements obtained with the proposed equipment were compared with those obtained using a colorimeter to measure the colors of the fabrics and calculate whether their color difference is significant. The developed equipment achieved an accuracy of 95% in the correct identification of fabrics that are homogenous in color.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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An Electronic Equipment for Monitoring, Detection and Warning of Pitch Motion of Vehicle Drivers(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)Long and monotonous journeys during the transport of goods can generate tiredness and/or fatigue in the driver, generating a potential vehicle accident where the driver can enter a state of micro-sleep, losing control of the vehicle for a period of time. Within the state of the art, it is observed that most of the solutions have as their fundamental axis the analysis of the ocular muscle, being these vulnerable to the variation of light intensity and facial accessories that the driver can use. On the other hand, other studies analyze EEG signals being intrusive and disturbing the driving skills of the driver. This work presents a driver fatigue monitoring system based on the angular movement of the head, the main characteristic prior to the state of micro-sleep, located in a safety helmet. To do this, an analysis of the angular movement of the driver’s head is carried out, thus avoiding the use of cameras, potential lighting problems and intrusive driving disturbances. The device will detect the nodding symptom and will issue an auditory alert with a message via Telegram to a third party to alert the presence of driver fatigue with an error rate of less than 22%, having as auditory alert response time a period of 500 ms equivalent to the distance of 8 m if the vehicle moves at 60 km/h. The validation was carried out by comparing the angles between the device located in the helmet and a reference accelerometer.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Critical variables for success in the technology adoption process in the framework of digital transformation(Association for Computing Machinery, 2018-08-25)The objective of the research is to identify the most representative variables considered critical for success in adoption processes in technology applicable to projects based on information technology and communications (ICT) in the framework of the digital transformation of organizations. For its identification, a cause-and-effect analysis is applied where the relationships that exist between ICT projects emerge and a categorization of technology projects for digital transformation framed in a classic evolution of projects, it is believed that before undertaking projects of this type it is important to consult this article in order to know in advance the variables that will guarantee successful projects.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Literature Review of TAM Model Applicable to e-government in Peru’s Agricultural Export Sector(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)Acceso restringido temporalmente
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A low-rate encoder for image transmission using LoRa communication modules(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023-02-01)The present work proposes an encoder for image transmission via LoRa communication modules. These enable long-range, low-power transmission schemes and are ideal for monitoring in places with no mobile network connectivity. Nonetheless, this technology has a low transmission bitrate, which limits its use to high bandwidth applications. The state-of-the-art has numerous image encoders, but few achieve an adequate balance between image quality, compression, sequential decoding, and computational complexity. The proposed encoder uses the YCoCg color model and chromatic subsampling followed by wavelet subband decomposition, which extracts relevant subbands in the image to then reconstruct it sequentially. Each subband is quantized independently and then enters an adaptive entropic encoder. This encoder is compared to the JPEG2000 encoder using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) quality metrics. Results show that the proposal obtains a reconstructed image quality close to that of JPEG2000 with a higher compression rate. Moreover, it improves the transmission time of images through a LoRa link by 99.09%.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Use of Non-destructive Tests to Evaluate the Concrete and Steel Bars of Vehicular Bridges Structural Elements(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)The essence of this research is the development of a working model in which two fundamental tools that control the quality of a finished product are brought together. In this case, the synergy is between the BIM methodology and the Lean Construction philosophy, which will be applied together to improve the quality control of the finished product of a retail construction project. Retail projects which are large investment projects, for which the owners demand high quality in the final product. The work model proposed in this study aims to solve the problem of customer dissatisfaction or dissatisfaction with the final product of a retail construction project. The disagreement on the part of the end user is mainly due to poor quality control during all stages of the project. Based on academic articles and previous studies, a procedure will be proposed in which both the Lean Construction tools are applied, as well as the technology offered by the BIM methodology. Study cases, national and international projects in which this synergy has been applied will be studied and analyzed. Finally, the procedure will be validated by approval of an expert judgment; In other words, BIM managers, engineers, and architects with experience in the application of this synergy, will include their observations, proposals for improvement and recommendations that they contribute to the present investigation.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Improvement of Quality Control in Retail-Type Works Through the Application of the BIM-LC Work Model(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)The essence of this research is the development of a working model in which two fundamental tools that control the quality of a finished product are brought together. In this case, the synergy is between the BIM methodology and the Lean Construction philosophy, which will be applied together to improve the quality control of the finished product of a retail construction project. Retail projects which are large investment projects, for which the owners demand high quality in the final product. The work model proposed in this study aims to solve the problem of customer dissatisfaction or dissatisfaction with the final product of a retail construction project. The disagreement on the part of the end user is mainly due to poor quality control during all stages of the project. Based on academic articles and previous studies, a procedure will be proposed in which both the Lean Construction tools are applied, as well as the technology offered by the BIM methodology. Study cases, national and international projects in which this synergy has been applied will be studied and analyzed. Finally, the procedure will be validated by approval of an expert judgment; In other words, BIM managers, engineers, and architects with experience in the application of this synergy, will include their observations, proposals for improvement and recommendations that they contribute to the present investigation.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Implementation of a Public Works Communication Management Model(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)Conflicts between stakeholders during decision making in construction projects occur on a daily basis, as they often have an inadequate communications management, causing delays and cost overruns in the project. For this reason, alternative solutions were sought to reduce the percentage of delays due to decision-making conflicts. The proposal of this research focuses on the implementation of a collaborative software model in public works in its execution stage, this software allows the members of a work team, a fluid communication, as well as the instantaneous sharing of information. The software was implemented in a Peruvian company of small and medium contracting capacity, the process of elaboration of valorization was analyzed before the implementation of the software, that is to say, the elaboration in a traditional way, where it was obtained that the main events that generated delays were: Lack of access to the required documentation of the different areas of the project, Lack of updated documentation, Disagreement in the Quantity Takeoff and The non-delivery on time of reports. By implementing the software, the process of preparing the Valorization was reduced by 8 h.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Process Improvement Model based on Lean Manufacturing and Kaizen to Increase Machine Availability at a Plastics Company(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023-01-30)The case study is a company that produces and sells plastic containers. Through a production time assessment, the low availability of injection machines was identified as the mam problem. The availability rate for these machines was set at 80.19%, which represented a relevant issue since the worldwide standard is 90%. These low availability rates are mainly due to machine breakdowns, representing 9.87% in lost revenue for the company. To improve machine availability, this study proposed an improvement model combining Lean Manufacturing tools with Kaizen, which refers to continuous process improvement. The model is also integrated with Ergonomics concepts aimed at improving working conditions for operators. Hence, if improvements are achieved regarding human capital, machine availability will also improve. Within this context, the proposed model was piloted at the company, increasing machine availability by 6.8%, reducing lost revenue by 3.9%, and increasing company profits by 13.12%.Acceso abierto
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A Quality Model Based on Lean Service Quality Philosophy and the PMBOK to Reduce Non-compliant Products from a Retail Store in Peru(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023-01-30)Today, the importance of maintaining quality standards in any business is fundamental to the success of the business, so having engineering tools helps a lot to integrate optimal quality into products and services. For its part, the retail store model provides great support to the commercial sector, but it presents many problems when it comes to maintaining ideal quality standards due to the versatility of its processes and products. This article seeks to establish a model that allows retailers to adapt to the use of Lean tools that improve the quality of service, reduce waste and increase the effectiveness of work. For this purpose, quality tools are integrated and the PMBOK guideline is used as a guide in a convenience store, also counting on the support of the organization for the validation of the proposal.Acceso abierto
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Quality Assurance Model using Lean Manufacturing and ERC Work Motivation to Reduce the Rate of Defective Production of a Footwear SME(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023-01-30)Footwear imports have been increasing in recent years and have radically affected the profitability of the footwear sector, especially those from China. This situation has particularly affected SMEs in this sector, as they lack sophistication with respect to the quality of their products and the lack of quality assurance strategies. In Peru, SMEs represent a great importance for its economy, since approximately 99.5% of its companies are SMEs. Specifically, SMEs in the footwear sector generate 57,000 direct jobs and contribute 1.2% of the industrial GDP. Therefore, there is a need for research to ensure the quality of the footwear produced by SMEs in order to make them more competitive in the market. This through a model of quality assurance by combining the tools of quality standardization and motivation ERC. This is expected to reduce the rate of defective production of SMEs in the footwear sector in order to increase the sophistication of their products with respect to quality and generate an efficient and sustainable production.Acceso abierto
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A Production Service Management Model using Lean Tools to Increase Productivity in an Agro-Export Company(American Institute of Physics Inc, 2023-01-30)The growth of Peruvian exports has been remarkable in the last two decades, and especially in non-traditional products, which include vegetables, cereals, and fruit, among others. The industries dedicated to processing these products often report large food losses during their production process, which translates into low productivity rates. For this reason, this research study develops a Production Management model to address this problem and improve conditions through a model that fosters Continuous Improvement. This includes the implementation of Lean tools such as Work Standardization and an organization model based on the 5S. Likewise, the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method is applied to determine the spaces of problem areas. For this study, the processing of frozen mango was assessed and the causes that generate the low productivity issues were identified. Based on this, the processes are evaluated, and the corresponding solutions are determined. After the implementation of the model, productivity increased to 74%, waiting times were reduced to 24 minutes, and the total distance traveled was reduced by 32 meters.Acceso abierto
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A Production Process Efficiency Improvement Model at a MSME Peruvian Metalworking Company(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023-01-30)This research study seeks to improve the efficiency of the production processes at a MSME metalworking company operating under the Make to Order (MTO) strategy. For these purposes, the authors first assessed the previous problems reported by the company, detecting a low efficiency rate of 69.56% in its production process, which generated an economic impact at 14.6%. Then, the design of a custom model based on several Lean Manufacturing tools, such as Sort and Set in Order Focused on the 5S, Visual Management Board and Work Standardization, production process efficiency improved by 6.4%, reprocessing experienced a 12.63% reduction, and search times decreased by 24 minutes. which translated into a 5.83% savings for the company. In fact, the proposed model generated positive improvements for the research study.Acceso abierto
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Lean Planning Model to Reduce Returns of Heat-Sensitive Products in A Peruvian Chemical-Pharmaceutical Company(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023-01-30)The growth of sanitary products shipped through cold logistics, in recent years, has been sustainable and significant. This increase brings with it challenges aimed at maintaining the products in the established temperature ranges which can assure and keep their temperature in optimal levels so that quality can be kept as this might affect the health of customers. The mismanagement deficiencies of the cold chain affect the profitability of the companies in the chemicalpharmaceutical sector, due to the returns caused by the delivery of low-quality products. In this context, this research proposes a solution that includes the application of three tools: Jidoka, the MRP II planning system, and the Standardization of Work to reduce the level of returns. The proposal is based on the improvement of the packaging process, by applying new inventory policies, optimal mechanisms for the management of packaging materials and the updating of the work protocols. After the implementation of the model through a pilot test, it was possible to reduce returns by 41.5%, increase the number of products delivered with no damages to 97.47% and, consequently, increment the number of perfectly delivered orders to 95.2%. After conducting the analysis, it can be concluded that having an optimal packaging process is important to maintain the quality of heat sensitive products throughout the entire supply chain.Acceso abierto
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Dynamic capabilities in the “new normal”: a study of organizational flexibility, integration and agility in the Peruvian coffee supply chain(Emerald Publishing, 2023-01-02)Purpose: Considering the unprecedented supply chain disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the agri-food sector, the possession of dynamic capabilities (DCs) – particularly, the need for higher agility – seems to be the key to survival in highly uncertain environments. This study aims to use the dynamic capability view (DCV) theory to analyze how three key supply chain capabilities – organizational flexibility, integration and agility – should be combined to obtain the desired supply chain performance. Design/methodology/approach: The authors designed a conceptual model in which the relationships between these three key capabilities and supply chain performance were hypothesized. The model was first tested through partial least square regression using survey data collected from 98 members of the Peruvian coffee supply chain. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was conducted to uncover how DCs could be combined in successful supply chain configurations. Findings: The authors show that organizational flexibility is a driver of higher agility in agri-food supply chains, together with external and internal supply chain integration, that have a direct impact on agility, which positively affects supply chain performance. Higher levels of supply chain agility are necessary but insufficient to guarantee high performance, as sufficiency is reached when both integration (internal and/or external) and agility are present. Originality/value: This study represents a pioneering attempt to apply the DCV theory to agri-food supply chains – characterized by many sources of uncertainty. All the DCs are included within the same model and the joint use of PLS regression and fsQCA provides evidence about the relationships between DCs and how they can empower agri-food supply to obtain the desired performance.Acceso restringido temporalmente
