Now showing items 21-40 of 65

    • Comments on: "Family life stories in teenage mothers: Qualitative study conducted at the Engativá ESE Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia"

      Rodríguez-Soto, Karen; Reyes-Aranibar, Sara; Uribe-Chincha, Tula; Torres-Slimming, Paola (NLM (Medline), 2020-06-01)
      Carta al editor.
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    • Association between household socioeconomic level and consumption of fast food and soft drinks: A cross-sectional assessment of the Young Lives cohort in Peru

      Najar, Carol Argelia; Vila-Quispe, Jessi Nataly; Astete-Robilliard, Laura; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio (Asociacion Espanola de Dietistas-Nutricionistas, 2020-01-01)
      Introduction: The consumption of fast food and soft drinks is a risk factor for developing overweight and obesity. This study aimed at assessing if there is association between household socioeconomic level and the consumption of fast food and soft drinks among children. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional assessment of the data from the third round (2009-2010) of the youngest cohort of the Young Lives study in Peru was conducted. Sampling was conducted in three stages: In the first one, the country was divided into equal geographical regions, excluding the 5% of the richest district; in the second stage, 20 sentinel sites were chosen and an area within each sentinel site was selected. Finally, in the third stage, eligible children were selected. Outcomes were the self-reported consumption of fast food and soft drinks (never, sometimes, and always), whereas the exposure was household socioeconomic status (in quintiles). Crude and adjusted models were created between variables of interest using Poisson regression models, with robust variance, to report prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Data of 1901 children, of which 942 (49.6%) were girls, with a mean age of 7.5 (SD: 0.5) was analyzed. A total of 24.1% (95%CI: 22.2%-26.1%) reported always consuming fast food, whilst this number was 22.4% (20.5%-24.3%) for soft drinks. Compared to the lowest socioeconomic quintile, those who were in higher socioeconomic status had more probability of consuming fast food and soft drinks (Chi-squared for trends <0.001). The highest socioeconomic quintile had a greater probability to always consume fast food (PR=1.42; 95%CI: 1.08-1.88) and soft drinks (PR=1.71; 95%CI: 1.24-2.37). Conclusions: This study shows that there is a significant association between the household socioeconomic level and the consumption of soft drinks and fast food.
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    • Are we adequately measuring food consumption and diet satisfaction in older adults?

      Jara, Alessandra Carolina Arroyo; García, Valeria Melanie Heredia; Quispe, Jorge Luis Maguiña (ARAN Ediciones S.A., 2020-01-01)
      Carta al editor
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    • Comments to the article "Overweight and clinical course in children younger than two years old hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection"

      Bejarano-Talavera, Grecia Odalis; Acosta, Carla Andrea Estrada; Quispe, Jorge Luis Maguiña; Cruz-Retamozo, Ximena (ARAN Ediciones S.A., 2020-01-01)
      Carta al editor.
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    • Association between sitting time and obesity: A population-based study in Peru

      Paz-Krumdiek, M. (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020-04-01)
      Aim: To assess if there is an association between sitting time and obesity among adult Peruvian population, using three different anthropometric measurements. Methods: A secondary analysis using data from a population-based study, the National Household Survey (ENAHO, in Spanish), was conducted enrolling adults aged ≥18 years from the 25 regions of Peru using a multistage random sampling technique. The outcome of interest was obesity, determined by body mass index (BMI > 30 kg/m2), waist circumference (WC > 80 and >90 cm in women and men, respectively) and waist to height ratio (WHR > 0.5); while the exposure was sitting time, measured using the last domain of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and then categorised in <4 hours/day, 4 to <8 hours/day and 8+ hours/day. Associations were estimated using Poisson regression models, reporting prevalence ratios (PRs) and their respective 95% CI. Results: Data from 8587 subjects were analysed; mean age was 38.4 (SD: 13.5) and 53.6% were females. The prevalence of obesity was 16.3% (95% CI: 15.2–17.5%) by BMI, 58.5% (95% CI: 56.9–60.0%) by WC, and 78.0% (95% CI: 76.5–79.3%) by WHR. In the multivariable model, subjects reporting a sitting time of 8+ hours/day were more likely to be obese than those reporting <4 hours/day according to BMI (PR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.15–1.65), WC (PR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.12–1.28) and WHR (PR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.10). Conclusions: Subjects with greater sitting time were more likely to be obese, and this association was evident with three different anthropometric indicators. Findings suggest the need of generating public health actions to reduce sedentary behaviour.
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    • Relationship between stunting in children 6 to 36 months of age and maternal employment status in Peru: A sub-analysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey

      Chávez-Zárate, Airin; Maguiña, Jorge L.; Quichiz-Lara, Antoinette Danciana; Zapata-Fajardo, Patricia Edith; Mayta-Tristan, Percy; [email protected] (Public Library of Science, 2019-04)
      Objectives This study aimed to determine the relationship between stunting in children 6 to 36 months old and maternal employment status in Peru. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using information from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Peru. We used a representative sample of 4637 mother-child binomials to determine the association between stunting in children 6 to 36 months of age and the employment status of their mothers. Results The prevalence of stunting among children was 15.9% (95% CI: 13.9–16.7). The prevalence of working mothers was 63.7%. No association was found between maternal employment status and the presence of stunting in children [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.9 to 1.2; p = 0.627). However, on multivariate analysis we found that the prevalence of stunting was significantly higher among children of mothers performing unpaid work (12.4%) (PR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.2–1.6; p < 0.001) compared with those of paid working mothers. Conclusion No significant association was found between maternal employment status and the presence of stunting in children 6 to 36 months of age. However, children of mothers doing unpaid work are at higher risk of stunting. These findings support the implementation of educational programs and labour policies to reduce the prevalence of stunting among children. © 2019 Chávez-Zárate et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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    • Organically vs conventionally-grown dark and white chia seeds (salvia hispanica L.): Fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity and techno-functional properties

      K., Alvites-Misajel; García-Gutiérrez, M.; Miranda-Rodríguez, C.; Ramos-Escudero, F.; [email protected] (CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 2019-04-02)
      The effects of organic and conventional crop systems on chemical composition, antioxidant activity and functional properties were evaluated in white and dark chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds. The organic system reduced the total protein content, and increased the total carbohydrates but did not change polyunsaturated fatty acids, total phenolic or flavonoids. Organic white chia seeds showed the best techno-functional properties. The antioxidant capacity of chia extracts varied in relation to the chemical complexity and differential rate kinetics of different assays. Extractable total phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity were better in organic white chia seeds. In this first approach, we have demonstrated that the organic white chia seed has a better total antioxidant capacity measured by direct quencher approaches than its conventionally-grown counterpart. To summarize, we conclude that the organic white chia seed could be a dietary source of antioxidants with a potential to promote health benefits in systemic functions and/or microbiota and the use of its techno-functional properties for the food industry.
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    • Hipótesis alternativas sobre los beneficios de los fermentados sobre la microbiota intestinal

      Bernardi Espinoza, Diego; Jiménez Guerrero, Carlos Fernando; Milon, Pohl (ARAN Ediciones S.A., 2018-11)
      Cartas al editor
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    • Effect of vegetarian diets on the presentation of metabolic syndrome or its components: a systematic review and meta-analysis

      Picasso, Maria C.; Lo-Tayraco, Jessica A.; Ramos-Villanueva, Juselly M.; Pasupuleti, Vinay; Hernandez, Adrian V.; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] (Churchill Livingstone, 2018)
      Background & aims: Several studies have examined the effect of vegetarian diets (VD) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) or its components, but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies to assess the association between VD and MetS or its components (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], fasting glucose triglycerides, waist circumference [WC], HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)) in adults. Methods: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. RCTs, cohort studies and cross-sectional studies evaluating the effects of VD on MetS or its components in adults, with omnivore diet as control group, were included. Random effects meta-analyses stratified by study design were employed to calculate pooled estimates. Results: A total of 71 studies (n = 103 008) met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 63 cross-sectional). VD were not associated with MetS in comparison to omnivorous diet (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.50–1.85, p = 0.9) according to meta-analysis of five cross-sectional studies. Likewise, meta-analysis of RCTs and cohort studies indicated that consumption of VD were not associated with MetS components. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrated that VD were significantly associated with lower levels of SBP (mean difference [MD] −4.18 mmHg, 95%CI −5.57 to −2.80, p < 0.00001), DBP (MD −3.03 mmHg, 95% CI −4.93 to −1.13, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (MD −0.26 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.35to −0.17, p < 0.00001), WC (MD −1.63 cm, 95% CI −3.13 to −0.13, p = 0.03), and HDL-C (MD −0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.03, p < 0.0001) in comparison to omnivorous diet. Heterogeneity of effects among cross-sectional studies was high. About, one-half of the included studies had high risk of bias. Conclusions: VD in comparison with omnivorous diet is not associated with a lower risk of MetS based on results of meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. The association between VD and lower levels of SBP, DBP, HDL-C, and fasting glucose is uncertain due to high heterogeneity across the cross-sectional studies. Larger and controlled studies are needed to evaluate the association between VD and MetS and its components.
    • Comentario de Terrones Arias AE en: Incidencia del periodo vacacional de Navidad en el estado ponderal de escolares de Primaria

      Terrones Arias, Angel Eduardo; Carbajal Huamani, Oliverio (Asociacion Espanola de Dietistas-Nutricionistas, 2018-03-16)
      Carta al editor
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    • Ingesta de arsénico: el impacto en la alimentación y la salud humana

      Medina-Pizzali, María; Robles, Pamela; Mendoza, Mónica; Torres, Celeste (Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), 2018-04-09)
      Arsenic is an element that is widely distributed throughout the environment. Its compounds are mainly in the state of pentavalent and trivalent oxidation; and in inorganic and organic forms. Arsenical species vary in their degree of toxicity, with inorganic compounds being more political than organic, and trivalent compounds more toxic than pentavalent compounds. There would be interconversion between the less toxic species and other more toxic species and the cooking and processing methods could affect it. Arsenic is a carcinogenic agent and causes multiple negative effects on human health in the short and long term. Non-occupational human exposure to arsenic occurs mainly through water and food. The regulation is variable for each country and is based on WHO standards, the Codex Alimentarius, and the European Union. Many studies focus on determining the total arsenic content but do not identify arsenical species in foods. Globally, fish and seafood, chicken, meat, rice, and seaweed have high levels of arsenic. In Peru, there are few studies on total arsenic content and arsenical species in food despite the fact that we have areas with high levels of environmental contamination. The objective of this review is to discuss exposure to arsenic through food and water intake, related regulations, toxicity, consequences on human health and main foods that contribute to its intake.
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    • Efecto de la anemia en el desarrollo infantil: Consecuencias a largo plazo

      Zavaleta, Nelly; Astete-Robilliard, Laura (Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), 2017-12)
      La anemia en niños menores de tres años es un problema de salud pública en el Perú y el mundo. Se estima que la causa principal de la anemia, aunque no la única, es la deficiencia de hierro. Existen muchos estudios y revisiones sobre cómo esta carencia en los infantes impacta negativamente en el desarrollo psicomotor y, a pesar de corregirse la anemia, los niños con este antecedente presentan, a largo plazo, un menor desempeño en las áreas cognitiva, social y emocional. Estos hallazgos se describen en estudios observacionales, de seguimiento, así como en experimentales con grupo control. La anemia puede disminuir el desempeño escolar, y la productividad en la vida adulta, afectando la calidad de vida, y en general la economía de las personas afectadas. Se describen algunos posibles mecanismos de cómo la deficiencia de hierro, con o sin anemia, podría afectar el desarrollo en la infancia; por ello, causa preocupación la alta prevalencia de anemia que se observa en este grupo de edad. La prevención de la anemia en el primer año de vida debe ser la meta para evitar consecuencias en el desarrollo de la persona a largo plazo.
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    • Importancia de diferenciar puntos de corte del IMC de acuerdo a la edad

      Reyes Huarcaya, Rossy María Elena; Núñez Sánchez, Mery Cristy (Grupo Aula Medica S.A., 2017-09-14)
      El IMC es un indicador de la relación entre el peso y la talla. Se utiliza frecuentemente para identificar el estado nutricional de un individuo, el cual depende de la edad y/o sexo
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    • Discordancia lipídica y placa carotídea en pacientes obesos en prevención primaria

      Masson, Walter; Siniawski, Daniel; Lobo, Martín; Molinero, Graciela; [email protected] (Elsevier España S.L., 2017-11)
      Introduction Obese patients with lipid discordance (non-HDL cholesterol levels 30mg/dL above the LDL-c value) may have a greater prevalence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP). Our study objectives were: 1) To assess the prevalence of lipid discordance in a primary prevention population of obese patients; 2) To investigate the association between lipid discordance and presence of CAP. Methods Obese subjects aged >18 years (BMI ≥30kg/m2) with no cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or lipid-lowering treatment from six cardiology centers were included. Lipid discordance was defined when, regardless of the LDL-c level, the non-HDL cholesterol value exceeded the LDL-c value by 30mg/dL. Presence of CAP was identified by ultrasonography. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the association between lipid discordance and presence of CAP. Results The study simple consisted of 325 obese patients (57.2% men; mean age, 52.3 years). Prevalence of lipid discordance was 57.9%. CAP was found in 38.6% of patients, but the proportion was higher in subjects with lipid discordance as compared to those without this lipid pattern (44.4% vs. 30.7%, P=.01). In both the univariate (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.14-2.87; P=.01) and the multivariate analysis (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.22-3.54; P=.007), presence of lipid discordance was associated to an increased probability of CAP. Conclusion In these obese patients, lipid discordance was associated to greater prevalence of CAP. Evaluation of obese patients with this strategy could help identify subjects with higher residual cardiovascular risk.
    • Traducción, adaptación cultural y validación del Salt Knowledge Questionnaire al idioma español

      Quinteros-Reyes, C.; Marcionelli-Sandhaus, T.; Mayta-Tristan, Percy (Elsevier España, S.L.U, 2017-11)
      Abstract INTRODUCTION: In order to reduce salt consumption in Spanish speaking countries it is necessary to know the level of salt knowledge in the population. However, there are no tools in Spanish to measure salt knowledge, but the only valid tool of measurement is the 'Salt Knowledge Questionnaire' (SKQ) developed in Australia, in English. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A validation study was conducted in three phases: (Phase1) Translation of the original Australian version into Spanish; (Phase2) Cultural adaptation based on a Spanish-speaking population such as Peru and following criteria used in the development of the original questionnaire which was evaluated by a panel of experts; (Phase3) Construct validity by comparing the scores of three groups (experts, medical students and non-experts) and reliability by performing a test retest. RESULTS: The translation of the SKQ into Spanish maintained a semantic equivalence with the original questionnaire and a panel of experts accepted the cultural adaptation. The SKQ enables discrimination between those who know and those who do not because differences of scores were found between the group of experts, students and non-experts (P<.001). A good overall internal consistency of the instrument was found (KR20=0.69) and a good overall intraclass correlation (0.79) and no test variations in test-retest (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: The SKQ questionnaire in Spanish is valid, reliable and is a suitable first tool to measure knowledge about salt in the Spanish language. It is considered possible to adapt it culturally to the Spanish-speaking country that wishes to use it.
    • Importancia de un adecuado muestreo y la consideración de los efectos secundarios del tratamiento en pacientes psiquiátricos

      Morales Velasquez, S; Escalante, D; [email protected] (Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica, 2017-09)
      Carta al editor
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    • An update on the status of front-of-package labelling regulations in Latin America

      Robles-Valcarcel, Pamela; [email protected] (Cambridge University Press, 2016-12-20)
      Carta al Editor
    • Limitaciones del peso y talla autorreferidos

      Benavente, Andrea; Becker, Carla; [email protected] (Arán Ediciones, 2017-07-28)
      Carta al Editor.
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    • Impulsividad y conducta alimentaria en varones

      Olano Yalta, Anthonny Micheel; [email protected] (Arán Ediciones, 2017-07-28)
      Cartas al Editor
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