Recent Submissions

  • Exploring Children's Knowledge of Healthy Eating, Digital Media Use, and Caregivers' Perspectives to Inform Design and Contextual Considerations for Game-Based Interventions in Schools for Low-Income Families in Lima, Peru: Survey Study

    Morales-Cahuancama, Bladimir; Verdezoto, Nervo; Gonzales-Achuy, Elena; Quispe-Gala, Cinthia; Bautista-Olortegui, William; Hinojosa-Mamani, Paul; Aparco, Juan Pablo (JMIR Publications Inc., 2024-01-01)
    Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren is increasing in Peru. Given the increased use of digital media, there is potential to develop effective digital health interventions to promote healthy eating practices at schools. This study investigates the needs of schoolchildren in relation to healthy eating and the potential role of digital media to inform the design of game-based nutritional interventions. Objective: This study aims to explore schoolchildren's knowledge about healthy eating and use of and preferences for digital media to inform the future development of a serious game to promote healthy eating. Methods: A survey was conducted in 17 schools in metropolitan Lima, Peru. The information was collected virtually with specific questions for the schoolchild and their caregiver during October 2021 and November 2021 and following the COVID-19 public health restrictions. Questions on nutritional knowledge and preferences for and use of digital media were included. In the descriptive analysis, the percentages of the variables of interest were calculated. Results: We received 3937 validated responses from caregivers and schoolchildren. The schoolchildren were aged between 8 years and 15 years (2030/3937, 55.8% girls). Of the caregivers, 83% (3267/3937) were mothers, and 56.5% (2223/3937) had a secondary education. Only 5.2% (203/3937) of schoolchildren's homes did not have internet access; such access was through WiFi (2151/3937, 54.6%) and mobile internet (1314/3937, 33.4%). In addition, 95.3% (3753/3937) of schoolchildren's homes had a mobile phone; 31.3% (1233/3937) had computers. In relation to children's knowledge on healthy eating, 42.2% (1663/3937) of schoolchildren did not know the recommendation to consume at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, 46.7% (1837/3937) of schoolchildren did not identify front-of-package warning labels (FOPWLs), and 63.9% (2514/3937) did not relate the presence of an FOPWL with dietary risk. Most schoolchildren (3100/3937, 78.7%) preferred to use a mobile phone. Only 38.3% (1509/3937) indicated they preferred a computer. In addition, 47.9% (1885/3937) of caregivers considered that the internet helps in the education of schoolchildren, 82.7% (3254/3937) of caregivers gave permission for schoolchildren to play games with digital devices, and 38% (1495/3937) of caregivers considered that traditional digital games for children are inadequate. Conclusions: The results suggest that knowledge about nutrition in Peruvian schoolchildren has limitations. Most schoolchildren have access to the internet, with mobile phones being the device type with the greatest availability and preference for use. Caregivers' perspectives on games and schoolchildren, including a greater interest in using digital games, provide opportunities for the design and development of serious games to improve schoolchildren's nutritional knowledge in Peru. Future research is needed to explore the potential of serious games that are tailored to the needs and preferences of both schoolchildren and their caregivers in Peru in order to promote healthy eating.
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  • Call for emergency action to restore dietary diversity and protect global food systems in times of COVID-19 and beyond: Results from a cross-sectional study in 38 countries

    Hoteit, Maha; Hoteit, Reem; Aljawaldeh, Ayoub; Van Royen, Kathleen; Pabian, Sara; Decorte, Paulien; Cuykx, Isabelle; Teunissen, Lauranna; De Backer, Charlotte; Bergheim, Ina; Staltner, Raphaela; Devine, Amanda; Sambell, Ros; Wallace, Ruth; Allehdan, Sabika Salem; Alalwan, Tariq Abdulkarim; Al-Mannai, Mariam Ahamad; Ouvrein, Gaëlle; Poels, Karolien; Vandebosch, Heidi; Maldoy, Katrien; Matthys, Christophe; Smits, Tim; Vrinten, Jules; DeSmet, Ann; Teughels, Nelleke; Geuens, Maggie; Vermeir, Iris; Proesmans, Viktor; Hudders, Liselot; De Barcellos, Marcia Dutra; Ostermann, Cristina; Brock, Ana Luiza; Favieiro, Cynthia; Trizotto, Rafaela; Stangherlin, Isadora; Mafra, Anthonieta Looman; Correa Varella, Marco Antônio; Valentova, Jaroslava Varella; Fisher, Maryanne L.; MacEacheron, Melanie; White, Katherine; Habib, Rishad; Dobson, David S.; Schnettler, Berta; Orellana, Ligia; Miranda-Zapata, Edgardo; Wen-Yu Chang, Angela; Jiao, Wen; Liu, Matthew Tingchi; Grunert, Klaus G.; Christensen, Rikke Nyland; Reisch, Lucia; Janssen, Meike; Abril-Ulloa, Victoria; Encalada, Lorena; Kamel, Iman; Vainio, Annukka; Niva, Mari; Salmivaara, Laura; Mäkelä, Johanna; Torkkeli, Kaisa; Mai, Robert; Risch, Pamela Kerschke; Altsitsiadis, Efthymios; Stamos, Angelos; Antronikidis, Andreas; Henchion, Maeve; McCarthy, Sinead; McCarthy, Mary; Micalizzi, Alessandra; Schulz, Peter J.; Farinosi, Manuela; Komatsu, Hidenori; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Kubota, Hiromi; Tayyem, Reema; Al-Awwad, Narmeen J.; Al-Bayyari, Nahla; Ibrahim, Mohammed O.; Hammouh, Fadwa; Dashti, Somaia; Dashti, Basma; Alkharaif, Dhuha; Alshatti, Amani; Al Mazedi, Maryam; Mansour, Rania; Naim, Elissa; Mortada, Hussein; Gutierrez Gomez, Yareni Yunuen; Geyskens, Kelly; Goukens, Caroline; Roy, Rajshri; Egli, Victoria; Morenga, Lisa Te; Waly, Mostafa; Qasrawi, Radwan; Hamdan, Motasem; Sier, Rania Abu; Al Halawa, Diala Abu (Elsevier Ltd, 2023-11-01)
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the global food system, sending shockwaves across countries' societies and economy. This has presented formidable challenges to sustaining a healthy and resilient lifestyle. The objective of this study is to examine the food consumption patterns and assess diet diversity indicators, primarily focusing on the food consumption score (FCS), among households in 38 countries both before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 37 207 participants (mean age: 36.70 ± 14.79, with 77 % women) was conducted in 38 countries through an online survey administered between April and June 2020. The study utilized a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire to explore food consumption patterns both before and during the COVID-19 periods. Additionally, the study computed Food Consumption Score (FCS) as a proxy indicator for assessing the dietary diversity of households. Findings: This quantification of global, regional and national dietary diversity across 38 countries showed an increment in the consumption of all food groups but a drop in the intake of vegetables and in the dietary diversity. The household's food consumption scores indicating dietary diversity varied across regions. It decreased in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, including Lebanon (p < 0.001) and increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries including Bahrain (p = 0.003), Egypt (p < 0.001) and United Arab Emirates (p = 0.013). A decline in the household's dietary diversity was observed in Australia (p < 0.001), in South Africa including Uganda (p < 0.001), in Europe including Belgium (p < 0.001), Denmark (p = 0.002), Finland (p < 0.001) and Netherland (p = 0.027) and in South America including Ecuador (p < 0.001), Brazil (p < 0.001), Mexico (p < 0.0001) and Peru (p < 0.001). Middle and older ages [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.125–1.426] [OR = 2.5; 95 % CI = [1.951–3.064], being a woman [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.117–1.367], having a high education (p < 0.001), and showing amelioration in food-related behaviors [OR = 1.4; 95 % CI = [1.292–1.709] were all linked to having a higher dietary diversity. Conclusion: The minor to moderate changes in food consumption patterns observed across the 38 countries within relatively short time frames could become lasting, leading to a significant and prolonged reduction in dietary diversity, as demonstrated by our findings.
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  • Evaluation of nutritional characteristics of processed foods and beverages advertised in television in Peru, 2021

    Acosta-Concha-fernández, Lucía; Vizcarra-Fuentes, Mariceli; Robles-Valcárcel, Pamela; Taype-Rondan, Alvaro (Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica, 2023-01-01)
    The objective was to describe the characteristics and nutritional profile of processed foods and beverages advertised during child protection hours (6 am to 10 pm, according to Peruvian regulations) on the two channels with the largest audience on Peruvian television. In this cross-sectional study, 448 hours of television content on 14 random days from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm between January and February 2021 were recorded and 2061 advertisements for processed foods and beverages were identified. The time frame with the most publicity for these foods was between 2:00 pm. and 6:00 pm. (33,9%). The most advertised categories were beverages (41,7%) and confectionery (17,8%). 46,9% of foods exceeded at least one of the technical parameters evaluated in the first stage of the Peruvian law (total sugar, saturated fat, or sodium) and 88,4% would do so in the second stage. The majority of advertised foods and beverages were processed, and most of these exceed critical nutrient parameters.
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  • Asociation between nutritional status and depressive symptoms in a Peruvian adult population: A population-based study in Peru

    Escalante-Ramírez, Daniel; Bonilla, Karen; Maguiña, Jorge L. (Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, 2022-11-01)
    Introduction. Among the Peruvian population, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased, making it one of the main public health problems. There is also conflicting evidence on the association between increased BMI and depressive symptoms in the adult population. Objective. To determine the association between nutritional status (NS) and depressive symptoms (DS) in the Peruvian population. Method. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). We assessed the NS according to body mass index (BMI), grouped into normal weight (BMI = 18.50 - 24.99), overweight (BMI = 25.00 - 29.99), 1A obesity (BMI = 30.00 - 32.49), and 1B obesity (BMI ≥ 32.50). DS were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) instrument. A generalized linear model stratified by sex was constructed to calculate crude (cPRc) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios. Results. A total of 26,463 records of people aged 18-60 years were assessed, yielding a 6.3% prevalence of DS (≥ 10 points). Females had a higher frequency of DS than males, which increased depending on their NS: normal weight 7.8%, overweight 8.2%, 1A obesity 9.0%, and 1B obesity 12.0%. Likewise, in the multivariate analysis, women with 1B obesity reported a higher frequency of DS (aPR = 1.30; 95% CI = [1.03, 1.63]). Discussion and conclusion. There is a strong association between nutritional status and depressive symptoms in Peruvian women, with obese women being more likely to have depressive symptoms.
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  • 40 years of research on eating disorders in domain-specific journals: Bibliometrics, network analysis, and topic modeling

    Almenara, Carlos A. (Public Library of Science, 2022-12-01)
    Previous studies have used a query-based approach to search and gather scientific literature. Instead, the current study focused on domain-specific journals in the field of eating disorders. A total of 8651 documents (since 1981 to 2020), from which 7899 had an abstract, were retrieved from: International Journal of Eating Disorders (n = 4185, 48.38%), Eating and Weight Disorders (n = 1540, 17.80%), European Eating Disorders Review (n = 1461, 16.88%), Eating Disorders (n = 1072, 12.39%), and Journal of Eating Disorders (n = 393, 4.54%). To analyze these data, diverse methodologies were employed: bibliometrics (to identify top cited documents), network analysis (to identify the most representative scholars and collaboration networks), and topic modeling (to retrieve major topics using text mining, natural language processing, and machine learning algorithms). The results showed that the most cited documents were related to instruments used for the screening and evaluation of eating disorders, followed by review articles related to the epidemiology, course and outcome of eating disorders. Network analysis identified well-known scholars in the field, as well as their collaboration networks. Finally, topic modeling identified 10 major topics whereas a time series analysis of these topics identified relevant historical shifts. This study discusses the results in terms of future opportunities in the field of eating disorders.
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  • Socio-economic inequalities in the consumption of fruits and vegetables in Peru between 2014 and 2019

    Hernández-Vásquez, Akram; Visconti Lopez, Fabriccio J.; Vargas-Fernández, Rodrigo (Cambridge University Press, 2022-12-08)
    Objective: To estimate the prevalence and socio-economic inequalities in adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables in Peru between 2014 and 2019. Design: Analytical cross-sectional study. The outcome variable was adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, defined as the consumption of five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per d (yes/no). We used concentration curves and Erreygers concentration index to describe socio-economic inequalities and a microeconometric approach to determine the contribution of each variable to inequality. Setting: Peru. Participants: Data from Peruvians aged 18 years or older collected by the Demographic and Family Health Survey. Results: The prevalence of adequate fruit and vegetable consumption did not change between 2014 (10.7 %; 95 % CI (10.0, 11.4)) and 2019 (11 %; 95 % CI (10.4, 11.7)). We found socio-economic inequalities in the adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, with wealthier individuals having a higher prevalence of adequate consumption compared to poorer individuals in 2014 (19.2 % v. 3.5 %) and 2019 (18.6 % v. 4.7 %). The decomposition analysis found that education, urban areas and being wealthy were the main factors associated with socio-economic inequality in adequate fruit and vegetable consumption, being structural problems of society. Conclusion: Despite the current regulations on healthy eating in Peru, adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables remains low, and there are socio-economic inequalities between the poorest and wealthiest individuals. Our findings suggest that more efforts are needed to increase the intake and assess the disparities in adequate fruit and vegetable consumption.
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  • Seguimos perdiendo frente a la pandemia: ¿El apoyo a la industria alimentaria en desmedro de la alimentación saludable?

    Mamani-Urrutia, Víctor; Salvatierra-Ruiz, Rosa; Pillaca-Ogosi, Lady L.; Domínguez-Curi, César H. (SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), 2021-04)
    Carta al editor
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  • Association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and attention deficit in students aged 6 to 12 years old from private educational institutions in Metropolitan Lima and Arequipa, 2022

    Isa, Akari Matsumoto; Schultz, Carolina Emperatriz Ortiz; Seyfarth, Daniela Quiroga; Alva, Valeria Marina Ruiz; Mamani-Urrutia, Víctor; Espinoza-Rojas, Rubén (Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Comunitaria, 2023-04-01)
    Background: It is important to highlight the easy access that schoolchildren have today to ultra-processed products, and the prevalence of attention deficit has also been increasing in this age group. The objective of this study was to determine the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and attention deficit in schoolchildren from 6 to 12 years of age in private educational institutions in the cities of Lima and Arequipa in Peru in 2022. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out, for convenience, the sample collected was 217 schoolchildren in 4 private educational institutions in the cities of Lima and Arequipa in Peru in 2022. Results: Of the total number of participants, 57.1% were women, 52.1% had ADHD, and 87.1% had a higher consumption of ultra-processed foods. No association was found between the main characteristics of ADHD and the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the evaluated schoolchildren (p>0.05), but there is an association between the consumption of snacks and ADHD (p[removed]
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  • Exploratory study on knowledge and frequency of consumption of processed and ultraprocessed products in university students of Peru

    Mamani-Urrutia, Víctor; Dominguez-Curi, Cesar H.; Sosa-Macalupu, Marjhory A.; Torres-Vicharra, Lourdes F.; Bustamante-López, Alicia (Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Comunitaria, 2022-01-01)
    Background: The promotion of a healthy diet should take place at all levels, including the university community. The main objective was to explore the knowledge and frequency of consumption of processed and ultra-processed products in students of a private university in Lima-Peru. Methods: Cross-sectional, exploratory study, where a structured questionnaire was applied that collected information on 398 university students of both sexes, residents in Metropolitan Lima during the period from April to June 2019. Results: Of the total number of respondents, 50.8% study a career in Health Sciences. Most of the participants claimed to recognize a processed product (75.9%), however, only 43.4% of them gave valid examples. Regarding the term ultra-processed, only 18.1% claimed to have heard them and most of them confirmed with examples. Regarding the frequency of consumption, it was evidenced that bakery products (77.6%), cheeses (64.4%), cookies (56%), yogurts and sugary milk drinks (54.3%) and snacks (52.5%) were the most consumed in the week prior to the study. Regarding the frontal labeling, it was evidenced that 40.7% of the participants affirmed that they knew them. It was found that the main factor that influenced the dissemination of the existence of octagons (50%) was through the food industry who has already been implementing front labeling on their products that are sold for consumption. Conclusions: University students show insufficient knowledge about the differences between processed and ultraprocessed products, as well as a high frequency of consumption of these products, especially ultra-processed ones.
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  • Analysis of the distribution of macronutrients of food baskets delivered by municipalities during the Covid-19 pandemic in Peru

    Morales-Cahuancama, Bladimir; Dolores-Maldonado, Gandy; Hinojosa-Mamani, Paul; Bautista-Olortegui, William; Quispe-Gala, Cinthia; Huamán-Espino, Lucio; Aparco, Juan Pablo (Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2022-01-01)
    Objectives. Evaluate and compare the macronutrient distribution of the food baskets delivered by Peruvian municipalities during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the geographic domain and assigned budget level. Materials and methods. Secondary analysis of the database “Consultation of Acquisition and distribution of basic necessities of the basic family basket” of the General Comptroller of the Republic. Stratified probability sampling was carried out. The distribution of caloric intake was calculated according to macronutrients and compared with the Acceptable Intervals of Macronutrient Distribution (IADM) of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) and the National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI). Results. At the national level, the median caloric intake of proteins was 7.7%; carbohydrates 62.5%; and fats 28.1%. The proportion of municipalities with a protein deficit was 84%; Municipalities with excess carbohydrates ranged from 16.5% (according to INCAP) to 35.9% (according to INDECI), and with excess fat, it was 61.6% (according to INCAP) and 20.2% (according to INDECI). According to INDECI, nationally only 9.2% of municipalities delivered baskets with an adequate distribution of macronutrients; Metropolitan Lima stands out with the highest proportions of adequate baskets, while in the Jungle this percentage was less than 5%. Conclusions. Most of the baskets delivered did not have adequate macronutrient distribution. Especially the baskets of municipalities outside of Metropolitan Lima or that had a smaller budget. Carbohydrates and fats were the nutrients that were included in excess, while proteins were deficient.
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  • Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of meeting the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines among latin american adults: a multi-national cross-sectional study

    Ferrari, Gerson; Alberico, Claudia; Drenowatz, Clemens; Kovalskys, Irina; Gómez, Georgina; Rigotti, Attilio; Cortés, Lilia Yadira; García, Martha Yépez; Liria-Domínguez, Maria Reyna; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Peralta, Miguel; Marques, Adilson; Marconcin, Priscila; Cristi-Montero, Carlos; Leme, Ana Carolina B.; Zimberg, Ioná Zalcman; Farías-Valenzuela, Claudio; Fisberg, Mauro; Rollo, Scott (BioMed Central Ltd, 2022-12-01)
    Background: 24-hour movement behaviors, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), and sleep duration, have important implications for health across the lifespan. However, no studies exist that have examined the integration of these 24-hour movement behaviors in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations and sociodemographic correlates of meeting the guidelines in adults from eight Latin American countries. Methods: This was a multi-national cross-sectional study of 2338 adults aged 18 to 64 years from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. MVPA and ST data were collected using accelerometers. Sleep duration was self-reported using a daily log. Socio-demographic correlates included sex, age, education level, and marital status. Meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines was defined as: ≥150 min/week of MVPA; ≤8 h/day of ST; and between 7 and 9 h/day of sleep. Logistic regression models were estimated on pooled data. Results: The prevalence of adults who met the MVPA, ST, sleep duration, and integrated recommendations was 48.3, 22.0, 19.4, and 1.6%, respectively. Overall, being a woman (OR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.55,0.93) and having a middle (0.63; 0.47,0.85) or high education level (0.31; 0.17,0.56) was associated with lower odds of meeting all three of the 24-hour movement guideline recommendations. Being married (1.70; 1.25,2.29) was associated with greater odds of meeting all three recommendations. Being a woman (0.46; 0.39,0.55), aged 50-64 years (0.77; 0.60,0.97), and married (0.79; 0.65,0.96) were associated with lower odds of meeting the MVPA recommendation. Having a middle (0.64; 0.50,0.80) or high (0.36; 0.23,0.55) education level was associated with lower odds and being married (1.86; 1.46,2.36) was associated with greater odds of meeting the ST recommendation. Being a woman (0.63; 0.51,0.78) was associated with lower odds; whereas being aged 50-64 years (1.40; 1.04,1.88) and having a middle education level (1.37; 1.09,1.73) were associated with greater odds of meeting the sleep duration recommendation. Conclusions: Overall, the proportion of Latin American adults achieving healthy levels of 24-hour movement behaviors was low. Further efforts are needed to promote more MVPA, less ST, and sufficient sleep in Latin American adults. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.
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  • Alcohol contribution to total energy intake and its association with nutritional status and diet quality in eight latina american countries

    Brenes, Juan Carlos; Gómez, Georgina; Quesada, Dayana; Kovalskys, Irina; Rigotti, Attilio; Cortés, Lilia Yadira; García, Martha Cecilia Yépez; Liria-Domínguez, Reyna; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Guajardo, Viviana; Fisberg, Regina Mara; Leme, Ana Carolina B.; Ferrari, Gerson; Fisberg, Mauro (MDPI, 2021-12-01)
    Alcohol consumption is a modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to characterize alcohol consumers at the nutritional, anthropometric, and sociodemographic levels. Data from 9218 participants from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela participating in “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study (ELANS)”, a multi-country, population-based study, were used. Dietary intake was collected through two, 24 h recalls. Participants were classified into consumers (n = 1073) and non-alcohol consumers (n = 8145) using a cut-off criterium of ≥15 g/day of alcohol consumption calculated from the estimation of their usual daily intake. Among alcohol consumers, the mean alcohol consumption was 69.22 ± 2.18 grams (4.6. beverages/day), contributing to 484.62 kcal, which corresponded to 16.86% of the total energy intake. We found that the risk of alcohol consumption was higher in young and middle-aged men from low and middle socioeconomic status. Argentine, Brazil, and Chile had the highest percentage of consumers, while Ecuador showed the highest alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinkers were characterized by having higher body weight and wider neck, waist, hips circumferences. Alcohol drinkers had a higher energy intake, with macronutrients providing relatively less energy at the expense of the energy derived from alcohol. Alcohol drinkers showed lower and higher consumptions of healthy and unhealthy food groups, respectively. In addition, adequacy ratios for all micronutrients assessed were lower in alcohol consumers. All these deleterious effects of alcohol on nutritional and anthropometric parameters increased with the number of alcoholic beverages consumed daily. Altogether, these findings suggest that limiting alcohol consumption can contribute to reducing the risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diet-related diseases.
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  • We continue to lose to the pandemic: Support for the food industry to the detriment of healthy eating?

    Mamani-Urrutia, Víctor; Salvatierra-Ruiz, Rosa; Pillaca-Ogosi, Lady L.; Domínguez-Curi, César H. (Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica, 2021-04-01)
    Carta al editor
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  • Association between perception of practical advice, educational messages of the Dietary Guidelines and the media in Peruvian university students

    Mamani-Urrutia, Víctor; Dominguez-Curi, César Hugo; la Puente, Stephanie Inés Pineda; López-Guerrero, Pamela Alejandra; Bustamante-López, Alicia (Archivos Latinoamericanos Nutricion, 2021-03-01)
    Objective: To determine the association between the perception of practical advice and the educational messages of the food guides in students of a private university in Peru. Methodology: Cross-sectional study. The population corresponded to undergrads who are from the first to tenth semester of their degrees in a private university of Lima-Peru. The sample was 480 university students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected in the period from october to november of the year 2019. A questionnaire was applied to collect the perception of university students about the messages of the dietary guidelines and the media where they would like to know information about educational messages. Results: 46.5% correspond to undergrads of the Faculty of Health Sciences. Messages 1, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 11 of the Peruvian GABAS showed an evident statistical association (p <0.05). The media with the highest proportion by which they would like to know educational messages about healthy eating were Television (28.5%), Instagram (27.7%) and Facebook (19.0%). Conclusion: Differentiated advertising should be designed and implemented on television, Instagram and Facebook on healthy eating to contribute to the improvement of the health and nutrition status of Peruvian university students. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2021; 71(1): 36-44.
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  • Evaluation of processed and ultra-processed foods: An analysis before the implementation of front-of-package labeling in Peru

    Mamani-Urrutia, Víctor Alfonso; Dominguez-Curi, César H.; Moreno-Díaz, Ana L.; Silva-Díaz, Verónica; Bustamante-López, Alicia (Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica, 2021-06-01)
    Objective. The objective of the current study was to evaluate critical nutrients of industrialized foods and compare them with the technical parameters established in the Peruvian regulations, in its two stages of implementation, referring to front-of-package labeling before the beginning of its validity in June 2019. Methods. Cross-sectional study in which the critical nutrients of sodium, total sugar, saturated fat and transfat were analyzed from data declared in the nutritional labels of 511 processed and ultra-processed foods that were part of the products purchased for the consumption of 88 families of students from one private university in Lima. The technical parameters used to evaluate the critical nutrients are those established in the Regulation of Law 30021. All analyses were carried out with Excel and SPSS version 21, Student’s t-statistics and McNemar’s test were used. Results. 79 processed foods and 432 ultra-processed foods were analyzed. Of the total processed and ultra-processed products evaluated, it was found that for sodium 14.3% and 37.2% respectively exceeded the parameters in the first and second stages established in the regulations; for sugar 54.2% and 62.6%; while for saturated fats 52.8% and 59.5%, respectively. Solid foods are those that will have the greatest changes in front labeling between the first and second stages of implementation, unlike liquids that without changing the composition of their products, their front labeling would not vary significantly. Conclusions. The saturated fat present in solid products (processed and ultra-processed), exceeds the parameters in both stages of implementation in most products. Of the foods compared, regardless of type and category, the critical nutrient sugar was the one that was highly present in most of the products evaluated for the first and second stages of implementation.
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  • Design and validation of a nutritional recipe for a snack made of green banana peel flour (Musa paradisiaca)

    Acosta-Coello, Camila; Parodi-Redhead, Almendra; Medina-Pizzali, Maria Luisa (Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL, 2021-03-24)
    This study aims to design and validate a nutritional recipe for a snack made of Green Banana (Musa paradisiaca) Peel Flour (GBPF) and to assess the nutritional composition and microbiological quality of the flour. Banana peel, a food industry by-product, is a nutritious, low-cost material available for all year. Banana peel flower could be used as a functional ingredient due to its high fiber content and good functional properties. In general, university students have a deficient dietary fiber intake due to altered dietary patterns; thus, this study was focused on this population. The GBPFs were obtained from the peels of pre-climacteric bananas by fluidized bed (FDB) dryer, after which, microbiological, proximate, and dietary fiber analyses were applied. It was designed the nutritional recipe for the snack taking into account the energy and dietary fiber nutritional requirements of the target population. It could be validated and adjusted the recipe following the methodology of Centro Nacional de Alimentaci n y Nutrici n, concluding with the determination of dietary fiber in the end-product. The dietary fiber, total carbohydrate, protein, total fat and energy contents of the GBPF were as following: 38.7 g, 76.3 g, 5.9 g, 3.6 g, and 361.2 kcal, per 100 g of flour. The snack contained 7.74 g of dietary fiber per serving size, having a good acceptance among the university students' panelists based on an organoleptic test. In conclusion, the GBPF showed great potential as a source of dietary fiber, and it was an excellent source of carbohydrates and other nutrients to a lesser degree. When included as a functional ingredient in the nutritional formulation of a snack, it had an overall positive effect on the product's organoleptic characteristics.
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  • Development of the set of scales to assess the job satisfaction among physicians in Peru: validity and reliability assessment

    Villarreal-Zegarra, David; Torres-Puente, Roberto; Castillo-Blanco, Ronald; Cabieses, Baltica; Bellido-Boza, Luciana; Mezones-Holguin, Edward (BioMed Central Ltd, 2021-12-01)
    Background: To assess the validity and reliability of the set of scales (general professional activity, health services management, and working conditions) on the different areas of job satisfaction in Peruvian physicians based on the data from the National Survey of Satisfaction of Users in Health (ENSUSALUD). Method: We carried out a psychometric study based on the secondary data analysis of Questionnaire 2 of ENSUSALUD-2016. Participants were selected from a two-stage stratified national probability representative sampling by political region. Validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and measurement invariance analysis. We assessed the reliability using internal consistency coefficients (alpha and omega). The set of scales were composed of items related to three different areas of job satisfaction: 1) satisfaction with general professional activity, 2) satisfaction with the health services management, and 3) satisfaction with the working conditions of the health center. Results: We included 2137 participants in the analysis. The general professional activity scale with six items (Comparative Fit Index, CFI = 0.946; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA = 0.071; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual, SRMR = 0.035), the health services management scale with eight items (CFI) = 0.972; RMSEA = 0.081; SRMR = 0.028), showed good measurement properties for the one-dimensional model. The working conditions scale with eight items for individual conditions and three items for infrastructural conditions (CFI = 0.914; RMSEA = 0.080; SRMR = 0.055) presented adequate measurement properties with a two-dimensional model. The invariance analysis showed that comparisons between sex, age, civil status, medical speciality, working in other institutions, work-related illness, chronic disease, and time working in the healthcare center. All scales had adequate internal consistency (ω and α between 0.70 and 0.90). Conclusions: The set of scales has a solid factorial structure and measurement invariance, making it possible for group comparison. The study achieved stability in the scores as they showed adequate internal consistency coefficients. Based on our findings, these instruments are suitable for measuring job satisfaction among outpatient physicians throughout Peru, as our data is representative of the country level.
    Acceso abierto
  • Co‐occurrence and clustering of sedentary behaviors, diet, sugar‐sweetened beverages, and alcohol intake among adolescents and adults: The latin american nutrition and health study (elans)

    Leme, Ana Carolina B.; Ferrari, Gerson; Fisberg, Regina M.; Kovalskys, Irina; Gómez, Georgina; Cortes, Lilia Yadira; Gárcia, Martha Cecilia Yépez; Herrera‐cuenca, Marianella; Rigotti, Attilo; Liria‐domínguez, María Reyna; Fisberg, Mauro (MDPI AG, 2021-06-01)
    Poor diet, sedentary behaviors, sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) and alcohol intake seem to co‐exist in complex ways that are not well understood. The aim of this study was to provide an understanding of the extent to which unhealthy behaviors cluster in eight Latin America countries. A secondary aim was to identify socio‐demographic characteristics associated with these behaviors by country. Data from adolescents and adults from the “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study” was used and the prevalence of screen‐time, occupational and transportation–sedentary time, socializing with friends, poor diet, SSB and alcohol intake, alone and in combination, were identified. The eight Latin America (LA) countries added to analyses were: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between ≥2 behaviors clustering, socio‐demographics and weight status. Among 9218 individuals, the most prevalent behaviors were transportation and occupation–sedentary time, SSB and alcohol intake. Younger, female, married/living with a partner, low and middle‐income and obese individuals had higher chances for these clustering behaviors. These results provide a multi-country level of understanding of the extent to which behaviors co‐occur in the LA population.
    Acceso abierto
  • Characterization of the gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus II patients with adequate and inadequate metabolic control

    Hamasaki-Matos, Angie Joyce; Cóndor-Marín, Katherine Marlene; Aquino-Ortega, Ronald; Carrillo-Ng, Hugo; Ugarte-Gil, Cesar; Silva-Caso, Wilmer; Aguilar-Luis, Miguel Angel; del Valle-Mendoza, Juana (BioMed Central Ltd, 2021-12-01)
    Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of the gut microbiota in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients with adequate and inadequate metabolic control, and its relationship with fiber consumption. Results: A total of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled, of which 7 (26.9%) cases had adequate metabolic control (HbA1c < 7%) and 19 (73.1%) inadequate metabolic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). It was observed that among patients with controlled T2DM, 2 (28.6%) cases presented good intake of fiber and 5 (71.4%) cases a regular intake. In contrast, in patients with uncontrolled T2DM, 13 (68.4%) patients reported a regular intake and 6 (31.6%) a poor intake. In relation to the identification of the gut microbiota, both groups presented a similar characterization. There were differences in the population of bacteria identified in both groups, however, the results were not statistically significant. The most frequently identified bacteria in controlled and uncontrolled T2DM patients were Prevotella (71.4% vs 52.6%), followed by Firmicutes (71.4% vs 42.1%), Proteobacteria (71.4% vs 36.8%) and Bacteroidetes (57.1% vs 37.8%). On the other hand, Fusobacterium, Actinobacteria were not identified in either of the two groups of study.
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  • An Evaluation of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Perceived Social Distancing Policies in Relation to Planning, Selecting, and Preparing Healthy Meals: An Observational Study in 38 Countries Worldwide

    Backer, Charlotte De; Teunissen, Lauranna; Cuykx, Isabelle; Decorte, Paulien; Pabian, Sara; Gerritsen, Sarah; Matthys, Christophe; Sabbah, Haleama Al; Royen, Kathleen Van; Bergheim, Ina; Staltner, Raphaela; Devine, Amanda; Sambell, Ros; Wallace, Ruth; Allehdan, Sabika Salem; Alalwan, Tariq Abdulkarim; Al-Mannai, Mariam Ahamad; Ismail, Leila Cheikh; Backer, Charlotte De; Ouvrein, Gaelle; Poels, Karolien; Vandebosch, Heidi; Maldoy, Katrien; Matthys, Christophe; Smits, Tim; Vrinten, Jules; Desmet, Ann; Teughels, Nelleke; Geuens, Maggie; Vermeir, Iris; Proesmans, Viktor; Hudders, Liselot; De Barcellos, Marcia Dutra; Ostermann, Cristina; Brock, Ana Luiza; Favieiro, Cynthia; Trizotto, Rafaela; Stangherlin, Isadora; Mafra, Anthonieta Looman; Varella, Marco Antonio Correa; Valentova, Jaroslava Varella; Fisher, Maryanne L.; Maceacheron, Melanie; White, Katherine; Habib, Rishad; Dobson, David S.; Schnettler, Berta; Orellana, Ligia; Miranda-Zapata, Edgardo; Chang, Angela Wen Yu; Jiao, Wen; Tingchi, Matthew; Liu; Grunert, Klaus G.; Christensen, Rikke Nyland; Reisch, Lucia; Janssen, Meike; Abril-Ulloa, Victoria; Encalada, Lorena; Kamel, Iman; Vainio, Annukka; Niva, Mari; Salmivaara, Laura; Makela, Johanna; Torkkeli, Kaisa; Mai, Robert; Kerschke-Risch, Pamela; Altsitsiadis, Efthymios; Stamos, Angelos; Antronikidis, Andreas; Tsafarakis, Stelios; Delias, Pavlos; Rasekhi, Hamid; Vafa, Mohammad Reza; Majid, Karandish; Eftekhari, Hassan; Henchion, Maeve; McCarthy, Sinead; McCarthy, Mary; Micalizzi, Alessandra; Schulz, Peter J.; Farinosi, Manuela; Komatsu, Hidenori; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Kubota, Hiromi; Tayyem, Reema; Al-Awwad, Narmeen J.; Al-Bayyari, Nahla; Ibrahim, Mohammed O.; Hammouh, Fadwa; Dashti, Somaia; Dashti, Basma; Alkharaif, Dhuha; Alshatti, Amani; Mazedi, Maryam Al (Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-02-04)
    Objectives: To examine changes in planning, selecting, and preparing healthy foods in relation to personal factors (time, money, stress) and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods: Using cross-sectional online surveys collected in 38 countries worldwide in April-June 2020 (N = 37,207, Mage 36.7 SD 14.8, 77% women), we compared changes in food literacy behaviors to changes in personal factors and social distancing policies, using hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results: Increases in planning (4.7 SD 1.3, 4.9 SD 1.3), selecting (3.6 SD 1.7, 3.7 SD 1.7), and preparing (4.6 SD 1.2, 4.7 SD 1.3) healthy foods were found for women and men, and positively related to perceived time availability and stay-at-home policies. Psychological distress was a barrier for women, and an enabler for men. Financial stress was a barrier and enabler depending on various sociodemographic variables (all p < 0.01). Conclusion: Stay-at-home policies and feelings of having more time during COVID-19 seem to have improved food literacy. Stress and other social distancing policies relate to food literacy in more complex ways, highlighting the necessity of a health equity lens.
    Acceso restringido temporalmente

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