RSS 1.0Psicología
Recent Submissions
-
Measurement of Risk Factors Associated With bereavement Severity and Deterioration by COVID-19: A Spanish Validation Study of the Pandemic Grief Risk Factors(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025-03-01)The present study translated and evaluated the psychometric evidence of the Pandemic Grief Risk Factors (PGRF) in a sample of 363 people from the general population of Peru who suffered the death of a loved one by COVID-19 (63-4% women and 36.6% men, where 78.5% were between 18 and 29 years old). The findings indicated that the PGRF is a unidimensional and reliable measure. The PGRF items can differentiate between individuals with different levels of risk factors and thus cover a wide range of the latent construct. Also, a greater sense of distress for each of the risk factors for pandemic grief is necessary to answer the higher response categories. Risk factors significantly and positively predict COVID-19-associated dysfunctional grief. The results indicated that the PGRF in Spanish is a measure with adequate psychometric properties to measure risk factors for pandemic grief.
-
A network analysis on the relationship between depression symptoms and loneliness in elderly Peruvians(Routledge, 2025-01-01)Loneliness and depression are the most prevalent mental health issues among older adults, and their relationship has been documented in studies using reflective psychopathological models based on the total scores. However, mental health problems should be investigated at the level of individual symptoms in order to develop intervention strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse impact of both variables. The goal was to examine the extent to which symptoms of loneliness relate to symptoms of depression in elderly Peruvians using the network method in 328 Peruvian adults with an average age of 68.44 years (SD = 7.64). The participants were selected through non-probability convenience sampling, which may limit the generalizability of the results. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale were used in this study. Network analysis was used to identify central and bridging symptoms within the network of loneliness and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the invariance in symptom networks between men and women was estimated. The results indicated that ‘feeling excluded’ was the most central symptom. Furthermore, the symptoms ‘feeling excluded’ and ‘anhedonia’ have the strongest relationship and can be considered as bridge symptoms between loneliness and depressive disorders. Symptom networks were invariant between men and women (M =.26; p =.42; S =.09; p =.38). In conclusion, the network structure provides valuable insights into the relationship between the symptoms of loneliness and depression in older Peruvian adults. The results suggest that the symptoms ‘feeling excluded’ and ‘anhedonia’ could serve as potential targets for psychological interventions aimed at efficiently reducing loneliness and depression.Acceso restringido temporalmente
-
Reynaldo Alarcón Napurí: 100 Years of the Pioneer of Historical Studies of Psychology in Peru(American Psychological Association, 2025-01-01)This brief communication commemorates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Reynaldo Alarcón Napurí and briefly reviews his contributions to the history of psychology in Peru and Latin America. Alarcón academic career spanned over seven decades and encompassed multiple research interests, one of which was the history of psychology. It is concluded that his historiographical work, as a whole, marked a significant milestone that has served as a reference point for delving into various aspects of the history of Peruvian psychology as both a science and a profession.
-
Risk factors associated with eating disorders in adolescents from Metropolitan Lima(Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2025-01-06)The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors that predict the presence of symptoms of Eating Disorders (ED) in a group of 218 female adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years (M = 15, SD = 1.33), all of them students of a public educational institution in Metropolitan Lima. For this purpose, two measurement tools were used: Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-3). For the predictive analysis, a multiple linear regression analysis and a correlational analysis were performed through the Shapiro Wilk test, where it was found that there are 3 factors that predict future ED to a greater extent, within these are the Obsession with thinness (DT), Bulimic behaviors (B) and Asceticism (AS), while those that predict to a lesser extent the appearance of the condition are Fear of maturity (FM) and Emotional maladjustment (EM). These factors are related to characteristics specific to the developmental age of adolescents and the challenges they face at a social and personal level during this stage.Acceso restringido temporalmente
-
Network Analysis of Posttraumatic Growth Dimensions: A Cross-Sectional Study in People Who Experienced the Death of a Loved One from COVID-19 in 16 Latin American Countries(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025-01-01)The present study aimed to apply a network analysis model to provide an exploratory empirical conceptualization of dynamic networks of posttraumatic growth (PTG) symptoms in 7,434 people who experienced the death of a loved one from COVID-19 in 16 Latin American countries. The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory: Short Form of Eight Items was used. A non-regularized network with partial correlation coefficients was estimated through the ggmModSelect algorithm. The network architecture was analyzed for each country through its local properties and global properties. The results indicated that the networks differed significantly between countries. The core dimensions in the networks were relating to others, personal strength, and life value and opportunities, which were more related dimensions that reinforce the emergence of PTG in all countries. The findings may be useful to motivate researchers and mental health professionals to consider the importance of the individual dimensions of PTG in groups of people who experienced the death of a loved one from COVID-19 in 16 Latin American countries, as well as their interrelationshipsAcceso restringido temporalmente
-
Gender inequality and cultural values in explaining gender differences in positive and negative emotions: A comparison of 24 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-01-14)The coronavirus pandemic posed a major challenge to mental health. Existing evidence shows that COVID-19 is related to poor emotional well-being, particularly among women. However, most work on the subject uses single-country samples, limiting the ability to generalize the disparity or explain it as a function of societal variables. The present study investigates the expression of positive and negative emotions during the pandemic as a function of gender and across 24 countries (N = 49,637). Strong gender differences emerged across countries, with women reporting more negative emotions (anxious, depressed, nervous, exhausted) and less positive emotions (calm, content, relaxed, energetic) than men. The gender gap in positive emotions was significantly wider in countries higher in individualism and narrower in countries higher in power distance. For instance, differences in emotions were larger in Western countries high in individualism, such as the USA, the UK, Italy, and France, and smaller in countries with higher collectivism and power distance, such as China, Malaysia, and South Korea, with a few exceptions like Japan and Brazil. These gender differences across countries were not explained by country-level gender inequalities indicators (GGGI and GII). Interestingly, the national severity of the pandemic, an epidemiological factor, reduced gender differences in positive emotions. These results underscore the importance of considering cultural and national factors when assessing gender differences in well-being.Acceso abierto
-
Reynaldo Alarcón Napurí: 100 years of the pioneer of historical studies of psychology in Peru.(American Psychological Association (APA), 2025-02)Abstract This brief communication commemorates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Reynaldo Alarcón Napurí and briefly reviews his contributions to the history of psychology in Peru and Latin America. Alarcón academic career spanned over seven decades and encompassed multiple research interests, one of which was the history of psychology. It is concluded that his historiographical work, as a whole, marked a significant milestone that has served as a reference point for delving into various aspects of the history of Peruvian psychology as both a science and a profession.
-
Psychometric network analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in Paraguayan general population(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024-12-01)Background: Depression and anxiety are two of the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders worldwide, both in the general population and in outpatient clinical settings. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) based on network analysis metrics. Methods: A total of 911 Paraguayans (23.71% women and 76.29% men; mean age 31.25 years, SD = 10.63), selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, participated in the study. Network analysis was used to evaluate the internal structure, reliability, and measurement invariance between men and women. Results: The results revealed that the PHQ-4 is a unidimensional measure through Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA). Reliability, through structural consistency, identified that 100% of the time, only a single dimension was obtained, and all items remained stable, as they were always replicated within the empirical dimension. The unidimensional structure has shown evidence of configural invariance; therefore, the network structure functioned equally among the different sex groups. Conclusion: The PHQ-4 presented optimal preliminary evidence of validity based on its internal structure, reliability, and invariance between sexes. Therefore, it may be useful as an accurate and brief measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the Paraguayan context.Acceso abierto
-
Red de soporte social y apoyo comunitario en miembros de una organización de desplazados por violencia política residentes en Cañete, Perú/Social Support Network and Community Support Among Members of an Organization of Persons Displaced by Political Violence Residing in Cañete, Peru(Colegio Profesional de Psicologos de Costa Rica, 2018-12-20)El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre la red de soporte social y el apoyo comunitario en los miembros de una organización de personas desplazadas por violencia política. Para tal fin, el estudio descriptivo correlacional incluyó a 80 participantes (49 mujeres y 31 hombres) con una edad promedio de 45.79 años (DE = 11.41), quienes residían en una provincia de Lima y provenían, en su mayoría, del departamento de Ayacucho. Se les administró el Cuestionario de Red Social (SNQ) y el Cuestionario de Apoyo Comunitario Percibido (PCSQ). Entre los principales resultados, se encontró que el componente Integración y Participación Comunitaria del PCSQ correlaciona con dos funciones y dos categorías del SNQ. Se presenta asociación positiva estadísticamente significativa con la función guía cognitiva (rs = .32), la función socialización (rs = .24) y la categoría satisfacción (rs = .24) y asociación negativa y estadísticamente significativa con la categoría heterogeneidad (rs = -.23). Se discuten las implicancias de los presentes hallazgos.Acceso abierto
-
Evidencias de validez, fiabilidad e invarianza factorial de una escala breve de empatía para niños peruanos(Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicologia Matematic, 2021-03-31)La empatía es conceptualizada como la conciencia de las emociones y cogniciones de los demás y resulta importante en el contexto escolar para el favorecimiento de la convivencia y prevención de conductas agresivas. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las evidencias de validez, fiabilidad e invarianza factorial de una escala breve de empatía básica (BES) en niños peruanos. Por ende, participaron 838 niños y niñas entre 8 y 12 años de edad (M = 9.95; DE = 1.13) de seis instituciones educativas, algunos colegios fueron utilizados para el análisis exploratorio y otros para confirmar. Se administró la BES que fue adaptada para niños (BES-I). Respecto al análisis de datos, se efectuó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC), además del análisis de invarianza factorial, para finalmente examinar la fiabilidad mediante el coeficiente omega (ω). Los resultados del AFE sugieren una medida bidimensional oblicua (cognitivo y afectivo). Del mismo modo, el AFC reafirmó estos resultados por presentar buenas bondades de ajuste (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04); estos hallazgos son coherentes con los postulados teóricos que sugieren que la empatía es un constructo compuesto por factores específicos y no por un solo factor.Acceso abierto
-
Validez e invarianza factorial del Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal en universitarios peruanos(Universidad Catolica de Uruguay, 2022-09-16)El Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal (IRI) constituye una de las medidas de autoinforme más utilizadas en jóvenes y adultos para medir la empatía, ya que considera en su composición aspectos cognitivos y afectivos. En esta investigación se presenta la validez estructural, la invarianza y fiabilidad de la medida en universitarios peruanos. Se seleccionaron intencionalmente 859 estudiantes de Psicología, entre 17 y 39 años, de dos universidades de Lima Metropolitana. El análisis factorial confirmatorio realizado sobre tres modelos: modelo 1, replica la estructura original; modelo 2, analiza la estructura original sin los ítems redactados en forma negativa; modelo 3, se excluyeron los ítems inversos y los que presentaban varianza irrelevante de constructo (ítem 9). Este último modelo es el que presenta un mejor ajuste (CFI = .924; RMSEA = .091; SRMR = 0.058). Sobre este modelo se estableció la invarianza configuracional, métrica, escalar y residual según edad. Adicionalmente, se probó un modelo de segundo orden que demostró la presencia de los factores latentes empatía cognitiva y reacciones emocionales, este modelo presenta un ajuste adecuado (CFI = .957; RMSEA = .078; SRMR = 0.068). Se concluye que la versión reducida del IRI es una medida válida y fiable en universitarios peruanos.Acceso abierto
-
Careless response effect in the moderation analysis of the self-efficacy construct: A brief report(Research Square Platform LLC, 2023-03-30)There are many studies on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic performance; however, there has not been a moderation analysis performed on the impact of carelessness/insufficient effort (C/IE) on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and perceived academic performance. A total of 731 adolescents school children (Lima, Peru) from a public educational institution participated. Two moderators were used, namely the sex and age of participants, and a sensitivity analysis was performed using both clean and dirty C/IE data. The prevalence of C/IE was 14.3% of the possible cases. The interaction between self-efficacy and age was affected, while the main effect of self-efficacy remained strong. It is concluded that the effect of moderators changes only slightly when their effect size is not weak.Acceso abierto
-
Concern with COVID-19 pandemic threat and attitudes towards immigrants: The mediating effect of the desire for tightness(2021-12-11)Tightening social norms is thought to be adaptive for dealing with collective threat yet it may have negative consequences for increasing prejudice. The present research investigated the role of desire for cultural tightness, triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, in increasing negative attitudes towards immigrants. We used participant-level data from 41 countries (N = 55,015) collected as part of the PsyCorona project, a cross-national longitudinal study on responses to COVID-19. Our predictions were tested through multilevel and SEM models, treating participants as nested within countries. Results showed that people's concern with COVID-19 threat was related to greater desire for tightness which, in turn, was linked to more negative attitudes towards immigrants. These findings were followed up with a longitudinal model (N = 2,349) which also showed that people's heightened concern with COVID-19 in an earlier stage of the pandemic was associated with an increase in their desire for tightness and negative attitudes towards immigrants later in time. Our findings offer insight into the trade-offs that tightening social norms under collective threat has for human groups.Acceso abierto
-
Cross-Cultural Validation of a New Version in Spanish of Four Items of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) in Twelve Latin American Countries(Frontiers Media SA, 2021-11-16)The invariance of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) was evaluated in 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5183 people from the aforementioned countries participated, selected using the snowball sampling method. Measurement invariance was assessed by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) and Multi-Group Factor Analysis Alignment (CFA-MIAL). In addition, item characteristics were assessed based on Item Response Theory. The results indicate that the original five-item version of the PCIBS is not adequate; whereas a four-item version of the PCIBS (PCIBS-4) showed a good fit in all countries. Thus, using the MG-CFA method, the PCIBS-4 achieved metric invariance, while the CFA-MIAL method indicated that the PCIBS-4 shows metric and scalar invariance. Likewise, the four items present increasing difficulties and high values in the discrimination parameters. The comparison of means of the PCIBS-4 reported irrelevant differences between countries; however, Mexico and Peru presented the highest frequency of preventive behaviors related to COVID-19. The PCIBS-4 is a unidimensional self-report measure which is reliable and invariant across the twelve participating Latin American countries.Acceso abierto
-
Assessment of Dysfunctional Grief due to Death from COVID-19 in Peru: Adaptation and Validation of a Spanish Version of the Pandemic Grief Scale(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021-07-14)This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) methods, in a sample of 458 people who have suffered the loss of a loved one due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Pandemic Grief Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), and a single item on suicidal ideation were used. The unidimensional model had good fit and reliability; furthermore, convergent validity was demonstrated based on the relationships between dysfunctional grief, anxiety symptoms, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, a higher presence of dysfunctional grief is required to answer using the higher response categories. The evidence of validity and reliability of the PGS in its Spanish version, using traditional and modern methods, is confirmed in Peru.Acceso abierto
-
Evidencias de validez y confiabilidad del DigCompEdu CheckIn en docentes de una universidad privada peruana(Editorial de la Universidad de Granada, 2023-01-01)El objetivo del estudio consiste en validar el instrumento que fue elaborado en otro contexto, para que responda a la necesidad de medir la competencia digital de los docentes de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú, a partir de su autopercepción. Se realizó un estudio instrumental para determinar las evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la herramienta DigCompEdu CheckIn. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1218 docentes de diferentes áreas: Arte, Ciencias, Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias Jurídicas, Ingenierías y Arquitectura, Ciencias de la Salud, y Humanidades. Los resultados señalan la reagrupación de las competencias digitales en una estructura de tres factores (F1, F2, F3) y 22 competencias, a diferencia de la estructura original compuesta de seis factores. Esta reducción de la estructura de las competencias no descarta la interacción entre las competencias generales, sino que la mantiene. Las tres competencias globales (Competencias de los estudiantes (F1); Competencias profesionales de los educadores (F2); Competencias pedagógicas de los educadores (F3) interactúan y se interrelacionan. El DigCompEdu CheckIn es una herramienta válida y confiable entre los docentes. Es necesario realizar nuevos estudios que verifiquen la propuesta de tres factores del instrumento para el contexto peruano, así como su confiabilidad en nuevas poblaciones y contextos culturales.Acceso abierto
-
Resiliencia y habilidades sociales en estudiantes de instituciones públicas de San Luis de Shuaro, La Merced(Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, 2020-10-06)El objetivo del estudio fue estudiar la relación entre resiliencia y habilidades sociales, participaron 212 estudiantes de cuatro colegios de gestión estatal de nivel secundario pertenecientes al distrito San Luis de Shuaro, ubicado en la selva central peruana; ellos estudian en diferentes grados, del primero hasta quinto grado de secundaria, sus edades oscilan entre los 11 y 20 años, el 52% hombres. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron la Escala de Resiliencia para Adolescentes de Prado y Del Águila (2003) y la Lista de Chequeo de Habilidades Sociales de Goldstein, estandarizada por Tomás y Lescano (2003). Se encontró que la resiliencia correlaciona positivamente con las dimensiones de la lista de chequeo de las habilidades sociales, específicamente se obtuvo correlaciones altas con las dimensiones: habilidades frente al estrés, habilidades de comunicación, habilidades de planificación, habilidades alternativas a la violencia y habilidades relacionadas a los sentimientos. Al comparar los resultados por sexo, se encontraron también, diferencias significativas en las habilidades de planificación, puntuando más alto las mujeres.Acceso abierto
-
Adaptación psicométrica de la Escala de Acción Planificada de Dedicación al estudio: de la versión retrospectiva a la prospectiva(Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, 2023-08-31)La Escala de Acción Planificada de Dedicación al Estudio (EAPDE) es un instrumento que mide la determinación a planificar el estudio en universitarios, en versión retrospectiva. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar su adaptación psicométrica a la versión prospectiva, de tal modo que los ítems evalúen la proyección del propio compromiso en la planificación del estudio. Participaron 279 estudiantes de psicología de tres universidades peruanas, seleccionados con un muestreo no probabilístico. Se realizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio con el método de estimación WLSMV y, como resultado, el modelo de cuatro factores (actitud, norma subjetiva, control percibido e intención) tiene un ajuste aceptable, así como adecuados indicadores de confiabilidad (ω > .70). Se concluye que la EAPDE, en su versión prospectiva, posee adecuadas evidencias de validez en su estructura interna y confiabilidad.Acceso abierto
-
Valores y clima organizacional en docentes de un instituto de educación superior de Lima(Universidad Catolica de Uruguay, 2017-11-10)"Este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la relación entre valores y clima organizacional en docentes de una institución de educación superior de la ciudad de Lima. El diseño es correlacional y la muestra estuvo conformada por 100 docentes (44% hombres y 56% mujeres) entre 30 y 65 años. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron: Portrait Values Questionnaire de Schwartz y Cuestionario de clima organizacional de Litwin y Stinger. Los resultados señalan que existe correlación entre Poder, Autodirección, Universalismo, Estimulación, Tradición y las dimensiones del clima organizacional; con referencia al sexo, las matrices de correlaciones de varones y mujeres presentan diferencias, en la escala Estimulación de la variable valores. Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados."Acceso abierto
-
Efectos de un Programa de Intervención sobre las habilidades emocionales en niños preescolares(UNED - Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, 2020-04-19)El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los efectos del programa de intervención Descubriendo Mis emociones cuyo objetivo es reconocer y expresar las emociones positivas y morales, y el manejo de emociones negativas en un grupo de niños/as en edad preescolar de Lima. El estudio ha seguido un diseño de investigación cuasi experimental con grupo de control con pre test y post test. La muestra estuvo conformada por 125 participantes con una edad promedio de 5 años (95 del grupo experimental y 30 del control). Se determinó la evidencia basada en la validez de contenido, de constructo y confiabilidad del instrumento. El programa se organizó en diez sesiones semanales de aproximadamente dos horas cada una, mediante la aplicación de técnicas participativas. Al inicio de la intervención, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los puntajes obtenidos por los niños/as que conformaron el grupo control y el grupo experimental. En el análisis intragrupos, los dos grupos experimentales mostraron leves diferencias; en el análisis entre-grupos, se detectaron claras diferencias entre el grupo control y los grupos experimentales; en el análisis clinicométrico, hubo un mayor cambio confiable y clínico en los grupos experimentales.Acceso abierto
