RSS 1.0Facultad de Psicología
Recent Submissions
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Cross-National Validation of a Health-Related Quality of Life Measure in Five Latin American Countries: Invariance of the 8-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-8) and Proposed 6-Item Version (SF-6)(SAGE Publications Inc., 2026-01-01)The objective was to analyze the factorial structure, reliability, and cross-national measurement invariance of the 8-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-8) in 1,940 individuals from five Latin American countries (El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Colombia, and Venezuela). Five CFA models were estimated based on previous findings and considerations of the content validity. The results indicated that the two-factor model (physical and mental health) without items 1 and 5 provided the best fit across all countries. Item 5 was removed due to low factor loadings in all estimated models and across all countries, while item 1 was removed because it was too general, making it difficult to determine whether it measured physical or mental health. The six-item version (SF-6) demonstrated adequate reliability and strict invariance across all countries in the invariance sequence models. The reported differences in physical and mental health dimensions were negligible and minor among all countries. In conclusion, a 6-item version of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-6) was proposed, which is better represented by two dimensions (physical and mental health) and is invariant across Latin American countries.
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Prospective Relations Between Hope and Cognitive and Affective Components of Subjective Well-Being in Early Adolescents(SAGE Publications Inc, 2026-01-01)Subjective well-being (SWB) encompasses cognitive evaluations of life satisfaction and the affective experience of emotions. Hope, a future-oriented cognitive construct, has been consistently associated with higher SWB; however, longitudinal research in childhood remains limited. This study examined the prospective relations between dispositional hope and SWB among 1,302 children aged 9–13 across two measurement waves separated by 1 year. Using cross-lagged structural equation modeling, results showed that hope at Wave 1 significantly predicted higher life satisfaction (Personal Well-Being Index), greater positive affect, and lower negative affect at Wave 2, after controlling for stability and gender. Reverse effects from SWB to hope were not significant. Findings support Snyder’s hope theory and highlight hope as a key cognitive resource for promoting well-being and resilience before adolescence.
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Influence of Catholic Religious Practices on Spiritual Well-Being: A Study on Happiness, Resilience, Forgiveness, and Gratitude Across 19 Countries(Springer, 2026-01-01)This study aims to analyze the influence of Catholic religious practices—such as frequency of prayer, prayer recitation, attendance at Mass, and attendance at Eucharistic Adoration—on spiritual well-being, including their impacts on happiness, resilience, forgiveness, and gratitude, among Latin American and Caribbean populations. The study employed an explanatory design with observable variables. The sample consisted of 3,013 individuals (men: 22.8\%, women: 77.2\%) from 19 countries across Latin America and the Caribbean. The instruments used were a sociodemographic form that included four questions related to Catholic religious practices, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Trait Forgivingness Scale, the Gratitude Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. The findings indicate that engagement in Catholic religious practices has a positive impact on spiritual well-being, which in turn enhances the psychological traits associated with personal and social development, thereby contributing to a fuller life.
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Efficacy of the Adapted Integrative Group EMDR Therapy Protocol for Ongoing Traumatic Stress in Adolescents after a Traumatic Event(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026-01-01)Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a frequent consequence of traumatic experiences, particularly among adolescents, whose emotional and cognitive immaturity increases their vulnerability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Group Integrative Protocol with EMDR Therapy in reducing PTSD symptoms in secondary school students from southeastern Spain. A total of 235 students from a high school in a town in Spain were initially assessed. Only 11 of them met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD according to the Revised PTSD Symptom Severity Scale (EGS-R), and thus were included in the intervention. The intervention consisted of three psychoeducational sessions and several group EMDR therapy sessions led by trained psychologists. PTSD symptoms, dissociative symptoms, and functional impairment were assessed before and after the intervention using validated instruments. A statistically significant reduction in PTSD symptoms was observed following the application of the protocol. These results are consistent with previous studies that have evaluated the use of EMDR in similar populations. Although the sample size was small, the findings suggest that the Group Integrative Protocol with EMDR Therapy may be an effective therapeutic tool for adolescents exposed to severe traumatic events in school settings. Further research with larger samples and control groups is recommended to confirm these findings.
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Adaptation and validation of the emotional self-efficacy scale in Peruvian University Students(Elsevier B.V., 2026-02-01)Background: Developing emotional self-efficacy is essential for university students to achieve psychological well-being and adequate academic performance. However, in Peru, there is a lack of valid and reliable tools to assess this construct. Objective: To translate, adapt, and validate the Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale for Peruvian university students. Methods: A cross-sectional instrumental study was conducted. The sample consisted of 947 university students of both sexes (56.6 % male), all over 18 years of age, from the three main regions of Peru (highlands, coast, and jungle). Participants were recruited from private (73.9 %) and public (26.1 %) universities, and represented faculties such as engineering (43 %), health sciences (18.8 %), business (14.5 %), social sciences (8.9 %), and humanities (5.9 %). The instrument under validation was the Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale (ESE), composed of seven items distributed in a single factor. To assess validity and reliability, several procedures were implemented: back-translation, content validity using Aiken's V coefficient, construct validity through factor analysis techniques, and internal consistency using the omega coefficient (ω). Results: All items were found to be clear, relevant, and representative (V > 0.70).The initial validation revealed moderate fit indices, which improved after removing a problematic item (χ2(9) = 54.5, p < .001, CFI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.073, SRMR = 0.019). Factor loadings ranged from 0.74 to 0.81, and internal consistency was high (ω = 0.95). Gender invariance analysis confirmed configurational, threshold, and metric equivalence. Conclusions: The adapted EAE-Uni is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing emotional self-efficacy in Peruvian university students. Its application can contribute to developing strategies that promote psychological well-being and academic success while addressing the country's cultural and educational needs.
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Effect of coping strategies on psychological disorders: An SEM Analysis(Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, 2025-01-01)Objective: to know the explanatory potential of coping strategies on the symptoms of psychological disorders in Peruvian university students in the context of COVID-19. Methodology: quantitative with a structural equation model. The multidimensional coping strategies inventory COPE and the self-report questionnaire of symptoms of mental disorders SRQ were applied to 699 university students. Results: Three explanatory models were developed; the second model was considered because it obtained better goodness-of-fit indices. This model reflects that symptoms of psychological disorders are explained by avoidance strategies, as they are risk factors. Coping strategies are protective of psychological disorders, being moderately linked with strategies oriented to social and emotional well-being.Acceso abierto
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Grief and Posttraumatic Growth in Individuals Who Have Experienced the Death of a Loved One From Six Latin American Countries: The Moderating Role of Gender and Age(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025-01-01)This study assessed the relationship between grief and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in 2415 individuals from six Latin American countries, and how the relationship between these variables is moderated by gender and age. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form and Pandemic Grief Scale were used. Moderation analysis utilized Model 2, proposed by Hayes. The findings from the analysis indicate that the proposed regression model is statistically significant in most countries. Gender moderated the relationship between grief and PTG in El Salvador and Peru; meanwhile, age moderated this relationship in Uruguay. The findings support the importance of incorporating gender and age differences into both the theory of grief and PTG and empirical studies investigating these variables in Latin America. Furthermore, mental health professionals should consider gender and age differences when planning interventions aimed at fostering PTG in individuals who have experienced the loss of a loved one in the evaluated countries.
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Analysis of the factor structure of the Emotional Fatigue Scale, invariance, and validity based on the relationship with other variables in university professors(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-01-01)The objective of this study is to analyze the evidence of validity, factorial invariance, and reliability of the Emotional Fatigue Scale in Peruvian university professors. Instrumental and cross-sectional design research was carried out, with the participation of 604 Peruvian university professors from the three regions of the country (Coast, Highlands, and Jungle) and with ages ranging from 21 to 65 years (M = 44.27 and SD = 9.15), who were selected with the intentional non-probabilistic sampling method. The descriptive analyses of the items were adequate and the polychoric correlation matrix with which the confirmatory factor analysis was performed was adequate. The results show a one-dimensional structure of 9 items, because item 10 had to be eliminated [χ2(27) = 98.7, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.993, RMSEA = 0.067 y SRMR = 0.029]. The resulting factor loads are between 0.57 and 0.93 and the internal consistency is adequate (ω = 0.95). It was also found that the scale presents evidence of invariance according to sex, age, and working hours and of convergent validity with the scales of psychological distress (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (r = −0.46, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the ECE-PU is a brief measure that has adequate psychometric properties and is useful to assess emotional exhaustion in Peruvian university professors.Acceso abierto
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Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ) in Peruvian Adolescents(Universidad San Buenaventura, 2025-01-01)The behavioral strategies for emotional regulation in adolescents are associated with mental health issues such as depression, making it important to have tools that allow for their assessment. This study uses an instrumental design and aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ) in Peruvian adolescents. The sample was selected using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method and consisted of 392 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years (M = 15.75; SD = .85), with 52.5% being male. Through exploratory structural equation modeling, it was found that the original five-factor structure was replicated (CFI = .988; RMSEA = .045, 90% CI .031, .058; WRMR = .429), and each factor achieved acceptable reliability values through Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients. Additionally, it was found that only withdrawal (β = −.49), active coping (β = −.21), and ignoring the problem (β = .24) are statistically significant predictors of depression. It is concluded that the instrument can be used in research and as support for professionals in the evaluation of the construct.Acceso abierto
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Technological Innovation in Engineering Education: A Psychopedagogical Approach for Sustainable Development(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-07-01)Digital transformation has profoundly impacted engineering education, demanding new pedagogical approaches that ensure effective and sustainable learning. Educational psychology plays a fundamental role in strategically integrating educational technologies, fostering more inclusive, interactive, and efficient learning environments. This article explores the intersection of technological innovation, engineering education, and educational psychology, analyzing how digital tools such as Artificial Intelligence, virtual reality, gamification, and remote laboratories can optimize the teaching–learning process. It also examines the psychopedagogical impact of these technologies, addressing challenges like cognitive load, student motivation, digital accessibility, and emotional well-being. Finally, the article presents guidelines for sustainable implementation aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), promoting efficient, equitable, and student-centered education. As a theoretical and exploratory study, it also points to directions for future empirical investigations and practical applications. The insights provided offer strategic guidance for academic managers and educational policymakers seeking to implement sustainable, inclusive, and pedagogically effective digital innovation in engineering education.Acceso abierto
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Exploring Infidelity Behavior Patterns in a Sample of Peruvian Young Adults: A Latent Class Analysis(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025-10-01)Infidelity has been widely researched; however, few studies have analyzed its behavioral patterns holistically using a person-centered approach. This study, with a sample of 400 young adults (Mage = 25.28; SD = 7.24), identified patterns of unfaithful behavior by using latent class analysis to classify subgroups with distinct patterns. The 20-item Likert-scale Multidimensional Infidelity Inventory-S (MII-S) was used to assess sexual and emotional infidelity. The results indicated four latent classes: infidelity (15.7%), sexual desire (14.4%), emotional interest (27.2%), and fidelity (42.5%). In addition, age and sex were significantly related to class membership. On the other hand, men were more likely to belong to the sexual desire class and women to the emotional interest and fidelity classes. For sexual orientation or relationship duration, there were no significant differences. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.
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Psychometric Properties of the Family and Friends Social Support Scale (AFA-R) in Peruvian University Students(South-West University "Neofit Rilski", 2025-01-01)This research aims to analyze the validity, reliability and invariance of the AFA-R in university students. A total of 442 university students participated, ranging in age from 18 to 57 years (M = 23,9, SD = 6,29); 280 women (63,3%) y 162 men (36,7%), who responded to the Family and Friends Social Support Scale (AFA-R) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), factorial invariance according to the sex and the validity based on the relationship with other variables were conducted, along with a Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results indicated that the original two-factor model of the AFA-R demonstrated adequate fit indices (χ2 = 211.97; gl = 74; CFI =.96; TLI =.95; RMSEA =.074 [IC90% .063-.086]; SRMR =.039). Futhermore, the scale’s dimensions showed adequate reliability indices. Additionally, the factorial structure of the scale provided evidence of strict invariance according to participants’ sex. Similarly, the AFA-R scale demosntrated validity evidence based on its relationship with other constructs through its association with the MSPSS. In conclusion, the findings revealed an adequate internal structure of the AFA-R in the student population, which is invariant when considering two factors, with good internal consistency. Therefore, the AFA-R scale is a promising instrument for measuring family and peer support in the Peruvian context.Acceso abierto
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Measurement of Risk Factors Associated With bereavement Severity and Deterioration by COVID-19: A Spanish Validation Study of the Pandemic Grief Risk Factors(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025-03-01)The present study translated and evaluated the psychometric evidence of the Pandemic Grief Risk Factors (PGRF) in a sample of 363 people from the general population of Peru who suffered the death of a loved one by COVID-19 (63-4% women and 36.6% men, where 78.5% were between 18 and 29 years old). The findings indicated that the PGRF is a unidimensional and reliable measure. The PGRF items can differentiate between individuals with different levels of risk factors and thus cover a wide range of the latent construct. Also, a greater sense of distress for each of the risk factors for pandemic grief is necessary to answer the higher response categories. Risk factors significantly and positively predict COVID-19-associated dysfunctional grief. The results indicated that the PGRF in Spanish is a measure with adequate psychometric properties to measure risk factors for pandemic grief.
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A network analysis on the relationship between depression symptoms and loneliness in elderly Peruvians(Routledge, 2025-01-01)Loneliness and depression are the most prevalent mental health issues among older adults, and their relationship has been documented in studies using reflective psychopathological models based on the total scores. However, mental health problems should be investigated at the level of individual symptoms in order to develop intervention strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse impact of both variables. The goal was to examine the extent to which symptoms of loneliness relate to symptoms of depression in elderly Peruvians using the network method in 328 Peruvian adults with an average age of 68.44 years (SD = 7.64). The participants were selected through non-probability convenience sampling, which may limit the generalizability of the results. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale were used in this study. Network analysis was used to identify central and bridging symptoms within the network of loneliness and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the invariance in symptom networks between men and women was estimated. The results indicated that ‘feeling excluded’ was the most central symptom. Furthermore, the symptoms ‘feeling excluded’ and ‘anhedonia’ have the strongest relationship and can be considered as bridge symptoms between loneliness and depressive disorders. Symptom networks were invariant between men and women (M =.26; p =.42; S =.09; p =.38). In conclusion, the network structure provides valuable insights into the relationship between the symptoms of loneliness and depression in older Peruvian adults. The results suggest that the symptoms ‘feeling excluded’ and ‘anhedonia’ could serve as potential targets for psychological interventions aimed at efficiently reducing loneliness and depression.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Reynaldo Alarcón Napurí: 100 Years of the Pioneer of Historical Studies of Psychology in Peru(American Psychological Association, 2025-01-01)This brief communication commemorates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Reynaldo Alarcón Napurí and briefly reviews his contributions to the history of psychology in Peru and Latin America. Alarcón academic career spanned over seven decades and encompassed multiple research interests, one of which was the history of psychology. It is concluded that his historiographical work, as a whole, marked a significant milestone that has served as a reference point for delving into various aspects of the history of Peruvian psychology as both a science and a profession.
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Risk factors associated with eating disorders in adolescents from Metropolitan Lima(Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2025-01-06)The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors that predict the presence of symptoms of Eating Disorders (ED) in a group of 218 female adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years (M = 15, SD = 1.33), all of them students of a public educational institution in Metropolitan Lima. For this purpose, two measurement tools were used: Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-3). For the predictive analysis, a multiple linear regression analysis and a correlational analysis were performed through the Shapiro Wilk test, where it was found that there are 3 factors that predict future ED to a greater extent, within these are the Obsession with thinness (DT), Bulimic behaviors (B) and Asceticism (AS), while those that predict to a lesser extent the appearance of the condition are Fear of maturity (FM) and Emotional maladjustment (EM). These factors are related to characteristics specific to the developmental age of adolescents and the challenges they face at a social and personal level during this stage.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Network Analysis of Posttraumatic Growth Dimensions: A Cross-Sectional Study in People Who Experienced the Death of a Loved One from COVID-19 in 16 Latin American Countries(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025-01-01)The present study aimed to apply a network analysis model to provide an exploratory empirical conceptualization of dynamic networks of posttraumatic growth (PTG) symptoms in 7,434 people who experienced the death of a loved one from COVID-19 in 16 Latin American countries. The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory: Short Form of Eight Items was used. A non-regularized network with partial correlation coefficients was estimated through the ggmModSelect algorithm. The network architecture was analyzed for each country through its local properties and global properties. The results indicated that the networks differed significantly between countries. The core dimensions in the networks were relating to others, personal strength, and life value and opportunities, which were more related dimensions that reinforce the emergence of PTG in all countries. The findings may be useful to motivate researchers and mental health professionals to consider the importance of the individual dimensions of PTG in groups of people who experienced the death of a loved one from COVID-19 in 16 Latin American countries, as well as their interrelationshipsAcceso restringido temporalmente
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Gender inequality and cultural values in explaining gender differences in positive and negative emotions: A comparison of 24 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-01-14)The coronavirus pandemic posed a major challenge to mental health. Existing evidence shows that COVID-19 is related to poor emotional well-being, particularly among women. However, most work on the subject uses single-country samples, limiting the ability to generalize the disparity or explain it as a function of societal variables. The present study investigates the expression of positive and negative emotions during the pandemic as a function of gender and across 24 countries (N = 49,637). Strong gender differences emerged across countries, with women reporting more negative emotions (anxious, depressed, nervous, exhausted) and less positive emotions (calm, content, relaxed, energetic) than men. The gender gap in positive emotions was significantly wider in countries higher in individualism and narrower in countries higher in power distance. For instance, differences in emotions were larger in Western countries high in individualism, such as the USA, the UK, Italy, and France, and smaller in countries with higher collectivism and power distance, such as China, Malaysia, and South Korea, with a few exceptions like Japan and Brazil. These gender differences across countries were not explained by country-level gender inequalities indicators (GGGI and GII). Interestingly, the national severity of the pandemic, an epidemiological factor, reduced gender differences in positive emotions. These results underscore the importance of considering cultural and national factors when assessing gender differences in well-being.Acceso abierto
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Reynaldo Alarcón Napurí: 100 years of the pioneer of historical studies of psychology in Peru.(American Psychological Association (APA), 2025-02)Abstract This brief communication commemorates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Reynaldo Alarcón Napurí and briefly reviews his contributions to the history of psychology in Peru and Latin America. Alarcón academic career spanned over seven decades and encompassed multiple research interests, one of which was the history of psychology. It is concluded that his historiographical work, as a whole, marked a significant milestone that has served as a reference point for delving into various aspects of the history of Peruvian psychology as both a science and a profession.
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Psychometric network analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in Paraguayan general population(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024-12-01)Background: Depression and anxiety are two of the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders worldwide, both in the general population and in outpatient clinical settings. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) based on network analysis metrics. Methods: A total of 911 Paraguayans (23.71% women and 76.29% men; mean age 31.25 years, SD = 10.63), selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, participated in the study. Network analysis was used to evaluate the internal structure, reliability, and measurement invariance between men and women. Results: The results revealed that the PHQ-4 is a unidimensional measure through Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA). Reliability, through structural consistency, identified that 100% of the time, only a single dimension was obtained, and all items remained stable, as they were always replicated within the empirical dimension. The unidimensional structure has shown evidence of configural invariance; therefore, the network structure functioned equally among the different sex groups. Conclusion: The PHQ-4 presented optimal preliminary evidence of validity based on its internal structure, reliability, and invariance between sexes. Therefore, it may be useful as an accurate and brief measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the Paraguayan context.Acceso abierto
