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Recent Submissions
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Improving the Compressive Strength of Concrete with Recycled Ground Glass(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)This paper explores the use of recycled ground glass as a partial substitute for sand in concrete mixtures, aiming to enhance its mechanical properties, specifically compressive strength. Mixtures with glass replacements of 15%, 20%, and 25% were developed and tested, evaluating their performance at 7, 14, and 28 days. Experimental results indicate that using 15% ground glass increases compressive strength by 4.91% compared to standard concrete and improves workability without significantly affecting cohesion. In contrast, higher glass percentages increase the mixture's porosity, reducing its density and strength. Furthermore, the economic analysis shows a cost reduction of up to 1.94% with this optimal proportion. The research concludes that incorporating ground glass is a sustainable and economically viable alternative, as it promotes waste reuse and reduces the demand for natural sand, thereby mitigating the environmental impact associated with construction.Acceso abierto
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Guide for the Optimization of Material Storage during the Structural Phase of Educational Projects through the Application of the ABC Methodology(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)This article presents a guide for optimizing material storage in educational infrastructure projects, specifically during the structural phase, using the ABC methodology. The study addresses the problem of poor management and placement of construction materials in warehouses, which negatively impacts operational efficiency and costs. A total of 172 stored materials were analysed in an October project, 86 of which were used. The materials were classified into three categories: A (11 materials), B (26 materials), and C (49 materials), representing critical values for prioritization and efficient distribution. The methodology includes an ABC analysis, a Pareto diagram, and warehouse modelling in Revit, demonstrating how redistribution improves access times, inventory control, and reduces the rate of obsolete materials. The results highlight the feasibility of implementing this guide in similar projects, promoting resource management.Acceso abierto
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Mechanical Performance of Concrete with Graphene Oxide: Evaluation of Compressive and Splitting Tensile Strength(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)Concrete is currently one of the most widely used materials in the world, but its production involves the emission of significant amounts of CO2 due to cement manufacturing. To address this global issue, various materials and methods have been explored. In this context, the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into concrete emerges as an innovative solution due to its remarkable physical and chemical properties. GO has been shown to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete, allowing target strength to be achieved with less cement. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of GO on the mechanical properties and workability of concrete. Four concrete mix designs were evaluated, consisting of a control group and three dosages (0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.08% GO relative to the cement weight). Tests were conducted for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and slump. Results indicate that the 0.08% dosage proved to be optimal, with a 22.71% increase in compressive strength and a 23.37% increase in split tensile strength at 28 days compared to the control mix. However, this dosage exhibited the lowest slump, measuring 139 mm. In conclusion, the incorporation of GO into concrete improves its strength, particularly at early stages, suggesting its potential for structures subjected to heavy loads from the outset.Acceso abierto
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Incremental Static Analysis for the Seismic Performance Evaluation of a Peruvian R.C. Building(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)In the present study, the incremental static or pushover analysis will be used, since it offers more accurate results compared to the linear analysis. Therefore, its application is indispensable for the evaluation of the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete structure composed of beams, columns and walls. This structure is a multi-family building of 6 levels, rectangular in shape with an area of 120 m2. The methodology used allows obtaining the capacity of the structure against applied lateral loads, thus determining the performance levels for each level of seismic hazard according to the VISION 2000 guidelines. The study begins with an exhaustive analysis of the geometry, structural elements of the building, the use of standards and guidelines related to seismic resistance. However, two 3D structural models were created in Etabs V.21, called model 1 and model 2. In model 1, the non-linear model of plastic hinges for beams and columns will be taken into account, taking into consideration that the walls are hinged with fiber type hinges. On the other hand, for model 2, the nonlinear model of fiber-type hinges for columns, beams and walls will be taken into account. However, the indispensable resource is the ASCE 41-17/23 standard for the model with plastic hinges. On the other hand, we use the constitutive models of Mander and Park to define the behavior of concrete and steel in each fiber division. Then, the results of the capacity curve in each X and Y direction are compared. Finally, the pushover curve is sectorized to obtain the performance levels for frequent, occasional, rare and very rare earthquakes. Therefore, the findings in this article are useful for professionals engaged in structural engineering who are interested in the performance evaluation of a reinforced concrete structure or in other infrastructures that exist at the international level.Acceso abierto
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Comfort Evaluation of the 'Católica' Pedestrian Bridge Based on SETRA 2006(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)The increasing trend toward slender and low-stiffness pedestrian bridge designs has significantly raised their susceptibility to dynamic excitations induced by pedestrian activity. One of the most critical vibration phenomena in such structures is synchronous excitation, which occurs when the walking frequency of pedestrians coincides with the natural frequency of the bridge. This resonance condition can amplify the structural response, negatively impacting both user comfort and overall structural performance. These challenges are particularly relevant in densely populated urban environments such as Lima. In this study, the dynamic behavior and comfort performance of the “Católica” pedestrian bridge were evaluated through in-situ vibration measurements using a geophone-based seismograph. The recorded data were analyzed based on the SETRA guideline, which classifies comfort into four levels according to peak vertical acceleration. This international reference was selected because, unlike the Peruvian bridge design standards—which do not explicitly consider pedestrian-induced vibrations as a dynamic load—the SETRA guideline has been applied in similar studies within the national context and offers more specific criteria for evaluating pedestrian comfort. The results showed that vertical accelerations reached up to 0.541 g (5.31 m/s2) during pedestrian activity, corresponding to the lowest comfort level defined by the SETRA guideline. While most structural frequencies remained outside the resonance range, certain transverse modes during loading approached 1.2 Hz—a value close to the typical walking frequency range of pedestrians (1.7-2.3 Hz)suggesting a moderate potential for dynamic amplification. Although no clear resonance was detected, the elevated acceleration levels observed under normal use conditions highlight the need to implement vibration mitigation measures. At this stage of the study, no single solution is prescribed. However, there is a recognized need to evaluate and compare various mitigation strategies in order to determine the most appropriate approach. These may include Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs), damping pads, tuned stiffness elements, or minor structural modifications. A comparative assessment considering technical performance, ease of implementation, and cost-effectiveness would help identify the optimal solution. Such measures would allow the bridge to comply with the SETRA Level 1 comfort threshold (0.5 m/s2), thereby enhancing both safety and user comfort.Acceso abierto
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Improving Earthwork Planning with the implementation of BIM and UAV: Case study applied in the surroundings of the Chancay mega-port - Peru - 2024(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)The lack of necessary information and the lack of accuracy presented in this, causes direct damage to the planning process of a construction project, due to problems such as cost overruns or delays, caused by the incorrect distribution of resources allocated for the completion of activities. In earthmoving work, the deficient collection and processing of information is an index of the bad procedure that a company has and causes the activities to present additional costs due to rework, dissatisfaction on the part of the client or delays in the delivery within the predetermined deadlines. That is why this article proposes the implementation of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV), in conjunction with BIM software, as tools for the collection, processing and sharing of information. This will be more complete and will allow a programming based on qualitative and quantitative data in a precise, fast and understandable way for those interested in the execution process of a construction project, which, being located in an area of high demand due to its proximity to the mega port of Chancay, will allow the earthwork execution procedure to be carried out in an efficient and fast way, avoiding harming the construction company.
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Procedure to Reduce Evaluation Time in the Selection of Professional Staff in Medium-Sized Multi-Family Construction Companies Using the AHP Method(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)In the construction sector, the selection of personnel for the technical office faces challenges such as the lack of structure and subjectivity in the evaluation criteria, which makes it difficult to quickly identify the most suitable candidates. This article proposes an optimized procedure to address this problem through the use of the AHP multicriteria method and Expert Choice software. The process involves applying AHP to establish priorities and evaluate candidates based on previously defined objective criteria. Through interviews and surveys, deficiencies in the traditional approach were identified, such as the lack of planning and the reliance on subjective judgments. The proposal demonstrates how the application of AHP reduces the evaluation time by 70%, improving transparency, traceability, and reliability of the process, contributing to the formation of technical teams more aligned with the specific requirements of the projects.Acceso abierto
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Analysis of the Interaction between Passengers and Buses at a Congested Bus Stop through Simulation to Reduce Congestion Rate(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)This article addresses the issue of user congestion at a high-demand public transportation stop in Lima, caused by prolonged waiting times and the perceived low quality of service. Micro simulation was conducted using VISSIM software to model ideal scenarios based on empirical data. The analysis considered key indicators such as service demand, congestion levels, and operational frequency of transportation lines. The study simulated the anticipated behavior of users who, upon having access to real-time bus arrival information, arrive at the stop just in time, thereby reducing waiting times. The results showed a 12.22% reduction in user congestion during peak hours and a more uniform redistribution of service demand during the same period. This optimization improved passenger flow and user experience without the need to alter the current bus frequencies, validating the economic and operational feasibility of the proposal. The research highlights the use of micro-simulation as an effective tool for designing sustainable solutions in urban environments, contributing to improved mobility and perceived reliability of public transportation.Acceso abierto
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Seismic Vulnerability Assessment in Non-Engineered Dwellings Using RVS Methods and Its Validation with a Quantitative Approach(Avestia Publishing, 2025-01-01)This research presents an analysis of seismic vulnerability in dwellings built without engineering criteria, aiming to determine their levels of vulnerability. Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) methods, such as those proposed by FEMA P-154 and developed by INDECI, were employed to assess the vulnerability of 20 dwellings. Additionally, a quantitative validation was conducted on two of thesed wellings using parameters like lateral drift to complement the qualitative analysis. The results obtained through FEMA P-154 indicate that 50% of the dwellings exhibit a "Very High" level of vulnerability, 45% a "High" level, and 5% a "Low" level. Meanwhile, the INDECI method classifies 45% of the dwellings as having "Very High" vulnerability and 55% as "High." The quantitative evaluation of lateral drift showed that Dwelling 1 and Dwelling 2 experienced excessive drift values of 0.006979 and 0.004624, respectively, classifying both as "vulnerable" to seismic events. When comparing the qualitative methods (FEMA P-154 and INDECI) with the quantitative method (lateral drift), slight discrepancies were identified in the assigned vulnerability levels, although they maintained a close correlation. While the qualitative methods indicated high and very high vulnerability, the quantitative method classified them as "Vulnerable." Despite these differences, the results converge in highlighting the high susceptibility of the analyzed dwellings to seismic events. These findings emphasize the need to prioritize structural reinforcements to reduce seismic risk levels in the evaluated area.Acceso abierto
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User-Centered Design of a Computer Vision System for Monitoring PPE Compliance in Manufacturing(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-08-01)In manufacturing environments, the proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is essential to prevent workplace accidents. Despite this need, existing PPE monitoring methods remain largely manual and suffer from limited coverage, significant errors, and inefficiencies. This article focuses on addressing this deficiency by designing a computer vision desktop application for automated monitoring of PPE use. This system uses lightweight YOLOv8 models, developed to run on the local system and operate even in industrial locations with limited network connectivity. Using a Lean UX approach, the development of the system involved creating empathy maps, assumptions, product backlog, followed by high-fidelity prototype interface components. C4 and physical diagrams helped define the system architecture to facilitate modifiability, scalability, and maintainability. Usability was verified using the System Usability Scale (SUS), with a score of 87.6/100 indicating “excellent” usability. The findings demonstrate that a user-centered design approach, considering user experience and technical flexibility, can significantly advance the utility and adoption of AI-based safety tools, especially in small- and medium-sized manufacturing operations. This article delivers a validated and user-centered design solution for implementing machine vision systems into manufacturing safety processes, simplifying the complexities of utilizing advanced AI technologies and their practical application in resource-limited environments.Acceso abierto
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Energy optimization for rural communities: an integrated approach to hybrid PV/Battery/Diesel systems(Universidad de Antioquia, 2025-08-29)This study focuses on the design, simulation, optimization, and dispatch strategy of an off-grid hybrid PV/battery/diesel system to meet the annual energy demand of San Juan de Tarucani, Arequipa, Peru. It has been carried out using the HOMER program, and the results obtained highlight an optimal operation of the proposed system having a low Net Precent Cost, Cost of Energy, and a high percentage of a renewable fraction compared to the photovoltaic system supported only with battery. The energy production of the proposed system covers all the energy consumption of the place with excess energy of 40.1% during the year and minimum participation of the diesel generator, indicating the great potential of the solar resource of the place. The optimal Load Following dispatch strategy describes the energy flow of the system showing the participation of each generator on the day. Finally, the environmental impact of the system with and without a diesel generator is compared based on the amount of emission of pollutants in the environment throughout the year.Acceso abierto
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Impact of anemia on the association between red cell distribution width and 1-year mortality in acute heart failure patients(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025-01-01)Background: Different accessible and low-cost biomarkers have been investigated to stratify patients with acute heart failure (AHF). One of them is the red cell distribution width (RDW), which proved to be a greater prognostic marker of mortality than other conventional markers. Objective: Therefore, the objective of our study is to determine whether the anemic status modifies the magnitude of association between high RDW and 1-year mortality in patients with AHF. Design: Observational, analytical, retrospective cohort study. Methods: We included participants ⩾18 years old hospitalized with a diagnosis of AHF. As an association measure, a crude and adjusted generalized linear model of the Poisson family calculated the risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: In all, 709 participants with an average age of 73.48 years were included. At 1 year, the risk of dying was three times higher with high RDW (RR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.39–6.66; p < 0.01). In anemic participants, the risk of dying at 1 year is two times greater with high RDW (RR = 2.18, 95% CI: 0.91–5.22; p = 0.07), while in non-anemic participants, the risk of dying increased almost seven times (RR = 6.95, 95% CI: 1.65–29.23; p < 0.01). Conclusion: High RDW is a risk factor for mortality at 1 year in patients with AHF. A greater magnitude of association was found in non-anemic patients. © The Author(s), 2025.Acceso abierto
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Clinicopathological Features, Surgical Outcomes and Microbial Patterns in Chronic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Retrospective Study from a Public Hospital in Lima, Peru(S. Karger AG, 2025-01-01)Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, surgery-related factors, and microbial patterns in patients diagnosed with chronic granulomatous mastitis (GM) treated at a public hospital in Lima, Peru. Methods: Retrospective study that included 161 women diagnosed with chronic GM at the Hospital de Emergencias Grau, Seguro Social de Salud, Lima, Peru, between 2019 and 2021. The diagnosis of GM was established based on anatomical and microbiological criteria. We evaluated clinicopathological features, and factors associated with the need for oncoplastic surgery and postsurgical complications. Additionally, we analyzed 26 out of 161 breast tissue samples to detect the presence of pathogens using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: The average age was 37.7 ± 8.4 years, 53.9% reported the use of hormonal contraceptives, and 14.8% displayed elevated prolactin. Eighty percent of patients received corticosteroids, and 50.9% underwent surgical intervention, with 22.5% experiencing postsurgical complications. Factors associated with the need for surgery included the presence of a tumor, inflammation, shorter disease duration, higher Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System classification, lesion size of 2–5 cm, and corticosteroid use. A recurrence rate of 3.8% was identified. Among the 26 analyzed samples, Corynebacterium was detected in 80.8%, with Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii identified in 13 of the 26 (50%) samples. Conclusion: Medical treatment was the initial choice for all patients, nearly half underwent oncoplastic surgery, with some postsurgical complications reported. Nonetheless, chronic GM recurrence was low. Corynebacterium was the most frequently identified genus through NGS.
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Determination of Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and the Trace Element Zinc According to the Clinical Status of Patients With COVID-19(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2025-01-01)In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the present study aimed to determine the clinical and laboratory characteristics and serum levels of IL-6 and zinc in patients with COVID-19 according to their clinical condition in a hospital in Lima, Peru. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the clinical condition of the disease, the group of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, hospitalized patients who did not require intensive care unit, COVID-19 patients who did not require hospitalization, and a control group. It was determined that 64.8% of the patients evaluated were men. Patients hospitalized in the ICU were 11.25 times more likely to have a cough and 36.7 times more likely to have a fever compared to the control group. In the group of hospitalized patients who did not require ICU, the presence of cough was 9.44 times higher than in the control group. The lowest IL-6 values were obtained in the group of COVID-19 patients who did not require hospitalization (2 pg/mL) and the highest in the ICU group (168.5 pg/mL). On the other hand, the highest values of the micronutrient zinc were also obtained in the ICU group (3402.5 μg/dL). In this group, the highest values of lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase were also found with statistical significance compared to the group of hospitalized patients who did not require ICU. In conclusion, patients with COVID-19 in the ICU had higher levels of IL-6 and zinc compared to the other groups. This group also had the highest levels of lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase compared to the group of hospitalized patients who did not require ICU care.Acceso abierto
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Model for Passenger Demand Prediction in a Public Transportation Company in Peru Using Machine Learning Algorithms(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-01-01)Public transportation in Peru faces significant challenges due to the lack of integration of advanced technologies, which impacts operational efficiency and user satisfaction. This issue results in inefficient resource planning and reduces the quality of the service provided. To address this situation, this study proposes a Machine Learning (ML) model for predicting passenger demand. The methodology was developed in four stages: dataset definition, data preprocessing, algorithm training, and result evaluation. The model considered five main variables (F1 to F5) to train and evaluate the performance of the algorithms Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Linear Regression (LR), and Decision Tree (DT) using metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The results showed that the RF algorithm achieved the highest accuracy and lowest error, standing out for its ability to fit real-world data, while DT demonstrated the poorest performance, with higher variability in its predictions. These findings position RF as an effective tool for accurately predicting passenger demand.
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Natural Language Processing Algorithms to detect mental disorders in College Students in Lima, Perú(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-01-01)This study conducts a comparative analysis of six Natural Language Processing (NLP) models for detecting mental disorders among university students: BERT, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, FLAN-T5, Mental-Llama, and a Customized NLP Model (C-NLP). We utilized a dataset of 10,000 textual responses from college students in Lima and texts sourced from platforms like Reddit, which encompass a diverse array of emotions and mental states. The models were evaluated using statistical significance tests such as p-values and confidence intervals alongside traditional metrics including precision, accuracy, F1-score, and AUC-ROC. The results indicate that both BERT and the C-NLP achieved the highest accuracy of 92%. The custom model effectively adapted to Peruvian students' cultural and linguistic nuances, providing a balanced approach between performance and cultural relevance.
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Predictive Analysis of Student Dropout in Higher Education(Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 2025-05-08)This study presents a predictive model of student dropout in higher education, developed using preprocessing techniques and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. A dataset from Tecnológico de Monterrey, which includes demographic, academic and financial information of students, was used. The data preparation process included the cleaning and normalization of key variables, such as gender, academic level and types of scholarships, as well as the elimination of irrelevant columns. Subsequently, the data set was divided into training, validation, and test subsets, following standard predictive modeling practices to ensure accuracy and generalizability of the model. Preliminary results suggest that the SVM model is effective in predicting student dropout risk, providing a basis for the development of more personalized educational interventions.
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Tea and Tablets: What I Learned About Healing in Chupuro, Peru(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025-10-01)No presenta resumen
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Aliza Support Chair: An Ergonomical Chair to Reduce Physical Discomfort(Springer Nature, 2025-01-01)Physical activities in daily life often result in the development of musculoskeletal discomfort, which hinders performance and reduces quality of life. The study aimed to develop a to develop a prototype chair based on ergonomic principles and pressure points to reduce physical discomfort among athletes following sporting activities. A descriptive and comparative study used a user-centred design approach. The study had a first stage of development of the prototype of the chair, developing an idea, sketching, typologies, and low-fidelity prototypes until finally reaching a prototype for testing made in wood. User-centred interviews were used. In the second part, nine people were surveyed to indicate their level of discomfort through the Borg scale after using the chair and give their opinion through an interview. A wooden chair was proposed based on the ergonomic concept of comfort angles and body pressure points in the back and seats. The results showed a significant reduction of discomfort (p < 0.05) with favourable opinions and conclusions for improving the design. A prototype of a wooden chair with support based on the chameleon concept was developed using a user-centred approach. The chair demonstrated a reduction in physical discomfort for the participants. The prototype also proposed usage times and design improvements.
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Latin American Universities and Networks adapting Robots Arms for Design and Architecture(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-01-01)Adapting emerging technologies is a key factor for innovation in engineering, technology and computing education. Tradition considers that Latin America seeks technological responses in the rest of the world to its own challenges. However, Latin America offers opposite responses to this statement. Thus, we analyze the implementation of robot arms in architecture schools, driven by Latin American collaborative networks with an emphasis on solutions originating from the challenges of their context. We mapped infrastructure, roles, models, and characteristics of 23 industrial robotic arms located in 15 architecture schools in five Latin American countries installed since 2013, identifying uses in design, fabrication, construction and/or operations. This analysis of experiences would promote global alliances, understanding what the region offers or does not offer, from its networks and universities. The results show a map for Latin American schools that aspire to integrate or seek new uses for robots in design and construction education.
