RSS 1.0Artículos científicos
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El "ciudadano" amazónico en el discurso político oficial(Universidad de Antioquia, 2019-09-21)La explotación de la Amazonía se sostiene bajo los discursos de la civilización y colonización. Para ello, el aparato ideológico racista construye una imagen negativa de los aborígenes amazónicos. En este artículo, se estudia el discurso del expresidente Alan García como ejemplo de los discursos políticos antiamazónicos. Se demuestra que su discurso está basado en dos creencias discriminatorias: 1) Entre dos clases de ciudadanos, los amazónicos son ciudadanos de segunda clase y 2) El crecimiento económico es obstaculizado por grupos primitivos como los amazónicos. Para ello, desde el análisis crítico del discurso, se examinan las estrategias léxicas y discursivas presentes en un texto del citado mandatario. Finalmente, se concluye que el discurso de Alan García es una manifestación de una práctica social que reproduce discriminación en el país.Acceso abierto
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Las palabras compuestas en el aimara de Conima(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019-07)Dentro de los procesos de formación de palabras, el mecanismo morfológico de la composición ha sido poco estudiado en el aimara y en otras lenguas andinas. Esta investigación muestra una descripción de las maneras de cómo se conforman las palabras compuestas en la gramática del aimara de Conima. Por tanto, en este trabajo se analizan la estructura y la combinatoria sintáctica de las palabras compuestas en esta variedad lingüística. La data ha sido recogida de los hablantes y de la información procedente de los principales diccionarios en aimara. En este estudio, se concluye que el aimara de Conima forma compuestos a partir de seis patrones sintácticos que siguen la estructura complemento-núcleo. Finalmente, en relación con su tipología, en la indagación se indica que esta variedad emplea la composición para formar palabras compuestas básicamente de orden nominal.Acceso abierto
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Does the Spanish version of the SWLS measure the same in Spain and Peru?(Elsevier B.V., 2019-07)Aim Satisfaction with life is a measure of protection in older adults. There lies the importance of providing quality instruments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the invariance of the life satisfaction scale (SWLS) in two samples of older adults in Spain and Peru. Method The participants were 857 older adults in Spain (mean age = 68.23 years, SD = 5.93) and 336 older adults in Peru (average age = 72.42, SD = 7.07). All multi-group confirmatory factor analyzes were estimated in Mplus 8.0. Results The results indicate the presence of a strict invariance of the one-dimensional structure of the SWLS in samples of older adults in Spain and Peru, which allows for meaningful comparisons of latent means and covariances. Comparison of latent means showed small differences in the construct between the cultural groups. Conclusions The SWLS is a valid instrument for intercultural comparisons between Spanish and Peruvian population. The measurement invariance assessment contributes to a better understanding of life satisfaction in populations from different cultural contexts.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Time Perspective and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy: A Longitudinal Examination Among Young Adult Students(SAGE Publications Inc., 2019-05)This longitudinal study examined the relationship between Zimbardo time perspectives (TPs) and career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE). In total, 1,753 young adults participated in the longitudinal study. For the present study, we selected only participants who were students and provided information on TPs, CDMSE, and sociodemographic characteristics (n = 492, M = 22.97 years, SD = 1.32, 82.9% women). The results of multilevel modeling showed that future orientation and present-hedonistic TPs were positively related to CDMSE, whereas present-fatalistic and past-negative TPs were negatively related to CDMSE. These findings indicate that besides the beneficial effect of widely studied future TP, the negative role of past-negative and present-fatalistic TPs should be considered in connection with the career development of emerging adults.Acceso abierto
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Muscle dysmorphia symptomatology and related factors(RMTA, 2019-01)Muscle dysmorphia is an obsessive-compulsive disorder subcategorized as a body dysmorphic disorder. Studies in Latin America have assessed the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia in bodybuilders and gym users. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia symptomatology (MDS) and associated factors in university male students in Lima, Peru. The participants (N = 618) had an average age of 21.0 years (DS = 2.3). We assessed MDS through the Muscular Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS) and obsessive-compulsive disorders through the Yale-Brown Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorders (BDD-YBOCS). We also tested participants on their food consumption and physical activity (PA) frequency. The prevalence of MDS was 1.3% (IC 95% = 0.4-2.2%) . associated with factors such as intense PA defined as more than five hours per week (PRa = 9.5; 95% CI = 1.1-84.4) and a hyperproteic diet (PRa = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1-1.6). Thirty-two percent of participants consumed protein supplements. Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder present in the general population. However, more research must be done to understand how this is an emerging problem in Latin America. Therefore, to influence its prevention and early identification among the university population, it is necessary to deepen the understanding.Acceso abierto
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Inteligencia emocional en Estudiantes de Comunicación: Estudio Comparativo bajo el Modelo de Educación por Competencias(Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplciadas, 2019-06-15)inteligencia emocional (IE) de estudiantes según el nivel de logro esperado de competencias. Participaron 313 estudiantes (M = 20.20 años, D.E. = 2.41; 61% mujeres) de ciencias de la comunicación de una universidad privada de Lima (Perú) que utiliza el Modelo de Educación por Competencias. La IE se midió con la Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS). El nivel de logro de competencias agrupa a los estudiantes en: “logro inicial” (participantes de los primeros tres semestres académicos, 45.7% del total) y “logro superior” (cuarto a décimo semestre). Se encontró diferencias de género en IE, por lo que los análisis comparativos se realizaron separados por género. En los hombres no se encontró diferencias de IE entre grupos (logro inicial y logro superior). Por el contrario, las mujeres de logro inicial puntuaron más alto que el grupo de mujeres de logro superior en: evaluación emocional de los demás, uso de emociones y en el puntaje total de IE. Se sugiere la necesidad de incorporar la competencia de IE dentro del modelo educativo de esta institución académica, así como realizar estudios longitudinales.Acceso abierto
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Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Niveles y Condiciones de Aprendizaje Organizacional (ENCAO) en trabajadores de una empresa privada peruana [Artículo](Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2019-02)El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas (evidencias de validez y confiabilidad) de la ENCAO en trabajadores de una empresa privada del sector de hidrocarburos en Lima Metropolitana. Para esto, se evaluó a una muestra de 384 participantes, 64 % mujeres y 36 % hombres, con edades entre los 19 y los 56 años (M = 29.57 años, DE = 7.33). Como evidencias de validez de la estructura interna del instrumento, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), donde se encontró una estructura de cuatro factores relacionados (formación y cultura organizacional, aprendizaje social, aprendizaje grupal y aprendizaje estratégico individual) con los 21 ítems de la escala, los cuales explicaron el 60.33 % de la varianza total y obtuvieron adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste (χ² = 371.66; χ²/gl = 2.03; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .041). Como fuente de validez externa se obtuvieron correlaciones moderadas (entre .31 y .46) con la variable satisfacción laboral. Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach de los cuatro factores oscilaron entre .60 y .84. Se concluye que la ENCAO y sus puntuaciones derivadas son una medida válida y fiable para medir el aprendizaje organizacional en el sector laboral evaluado.Acceso abierto
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Evidencias psicométricas de una versión breve de la Coping HumorScale en adultos mayores peruanosTomás(Elsevier B.V., 2018-02)Introducción: El humor tiene un papel importante en la promoción de un envejecimiento exitoso y saluda-ble. Sin embargo, su estudio científico es aún limitado, en parte debido a la ausencia de medidas validadaspara su uso en el ámbito latinoamericano. El objetivo del estudio fue traducir al espa˜nol y examinar lasevidencias de fiabilidad y validez basadas en la estructura interna, convergente y discriminante de laversión peruana de la Coping with Humor Scale-5 ítems.Materiales y métodos: Los participantes fueron 236 adultos mayores peruanos (78,4% mujeres y 21,6%hombres) con un promedio de edad de 72,8 años (DE = 6,90).Acceso abierto
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Sociodemographic, Attitudinal, and Behavioral Correlates of Using Nutrition, Weight Loss, and Fitness Websites: An Online Survey(JMIR Publications, 2019-04-04)BACKGROUND: Nutrition, diet, and fitness are among the most searched health topics by internet users. Besides that, health-related internet users are diverse in their motivations and individual characteristics. However, little is known about the individual characteristics associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the individual factors associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites. METHODS: An invitation to an online survey was published on 65 websites and discussion forums. In total, we employed data from 623 participants (aged 13 to 39 years, mean 24.11 [SD 5.26]). The measures included frequency of usage of nutrition, weight loss and fitness websites, excessive exercise, eating disorder symptomatology, internalization of the beauty ideal, weight status, and perceived online social support. Participants' data were used as predictors in a base linear regression model. RESULTS: The final model had an acceptable fit (χ210 =14.1; P=.17; root mean square error of approximation=0.03; comparative fit index=0.99; Tucker-Lewis index=0.99). Positive associations were found between usage of (1) nutrition websites and being female, higher levels of excessive exercise, and perceived online social support; (2) weight loss websites and excessive exercise, internalization, being female, eating disorder symptomatology, and being overweight or obese; and (3) fitness websites and levels of excessive exercise, internalization, and frequency of internet use. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted the importance of individual differences in the usage of health-related websites.Acceso abierto
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Enseñar a traducir mediante temas de género: adaptación del diseño instruccional de un taller de iniciación a la traducción(Universidad de Alicante, 2019-06)En el presente artículo damos cuenta de una experiencia de enseñanza-aprenizaje en el taller inicial de Traducción Directa 1 Inglés del program,a de pregrado en traducción de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplciadas. Nos basanmos en la manera en que el taller integró temáticas de género en su diseño instruccional mediante la revisón de las competencias que el taller pretende desarrollar, asi como la adapatación de los textos y las actividades de traducción regulares. Presentaremos las principales estrategías que se desarrollaron en el pkanteamiento y la ejecución del taller. El artículo expone inicialmente el contexto político del perú en 2016, cuando surgió la iniciativa de amoldar el taller mediante temas de género y del que se deriva el objetivo principal del estudio. Las secciones de análisis parten de la descripción del taller en cuestión para abordar (1) las competencias de traducción, los logos de aprendizaje y su vínculo potencial con la investigación formativa en la que se integra el tema de género, (2) la selección de texto fuente y los criterios para el diseño de actividades de aprendizaje. Finalmente presentamos un baolance sobre la efectividad de rediseño del taller mediante la inclusión de temas de género y las percepciones docentes y discentes que resultaron de la experiencia.Acceso abierto
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Control Psicológico Parental y Problemas Internalizados y Externalizados en Adolescentes de Lima Metropolitana [Article](Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2019-01)The paper presents the results of a study of the relation between parental psychological control and the internalized and externalized problems of a group of 170 adolescents (58.2 % males), between the ages of 13 and 17, from a private school in Lima, Peru. The Dependency-Oriented and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control Scale (DapCS-S) and the Youth Self Report (ySR) inventory were used. Findings showed a positive and significant correlation between Achievement-Oriented Parental Psychological Control (apC) and Dependency-Oriented Parental Psychological Control (DpC) and the internalized and externalized problems. Results also showed that the maternal DpC and the paternal apC explain significantly the adolescents’ internalized problems. On the other hand, the maternal and paternal DpC explain significantly the adolescents’ criminal conduct.Acceso abierto
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Interactivity in Cybermedia News: An Interview with Journalists in Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador(MDPI AG, 2019-05)Interactivity is a factor on which cyber journalism is based and summarizes participation options between a user and the medium, a user with other users, and a user with editors. In this study, we focus on the latter in three countries-Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador-, which have been identified owing to their technological gap and the emerging importance of online communication for their respective societies. Through 35 in-depth interviews with journalists from these countries, we analyzed the concept of interactivity of these professionals and their relationship with users. The results revealed that the journalists positively valued civic contributions as a space for diagnosis, although they do not perceive its informational value, as they relate them to the context of opinions. These results verify the prevalence of journalism as strongly influenced by conventional offline production routines.Acceso abierto
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Tendencias de diseños metodológicos en las publicaciones indexadas sobre la satisfacción laboral del profesorado universitario(CIDE, Universidad Nacional, 2019-01)El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de las tendencias del diseño metodológico usadas en los artículos de investigación cuya temática principal es la satisfacción laboral del profesorado universitario. Se identifican las tendencias sobre el método de investigación; la condición del instrumento de medición; las técnicas para la recolección de información, las de muestreo y las estadísticas usadas en el análisis. Luego de una búsqueda sistemática en Proquest y Redalyc (bases de datos bibliográficas), según criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se analizaron 49 artículos publicados entre el 2000 y el 2016. Esta revisión permitió identificar que casi la mitad de los artículos seleccionados pertenecen a los últimos 6 años (44.9%), lo cual revela sumo interés sobre el tema. El enfoque metodológico más frecuente es el cuantitativo (89.8%); predomina la adaptación de los instrumentos (53.1%); y se mencionan las propiedades psicométricas de validez y confiabilidad en un 42.9%. El muestreo probabilístico y no probabilístico se usa con la misma frecuencia (36.7%); asimismo, en un 83.3% se utiliza la estadística descriptiva. Sin embargo, para el análisis inferencial se evidenció un mayor uso de pruebas estadísticas paramétricas que las no paramétricas. Los resultados evidencian que existen múltiples formas para realizar el diseño metodológico, tanto en el uso del instrumento de recolección de datos como en el uso de métodos de análisis de información.Acceso abierto
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Prevalence of asthma symptoms in Latin America: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).(John Wiley & Sons, 2000-12-01)The prevalence of respiratory symptoms indicative of asthma in children from Latin America has been largely ignored. As part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), 17 centers in 9 different Latin American countries participated in the study, and data from 52,549 written questionnaires (WQ) in children aged 13-14 years and from 36,264 WQ in 6-7 year olds are described here. In children aged 13-14 years, the prevalence of asthma ever ranged from 5.5-28%, and the prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months from 6.6-27%. In children aged 6-7 years, the prevalence of asthma ever ranged from 4.1-26.9%, and the prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months ranged from 8.6-32.1%. The lower prevalence in centers with higher levels of atmospheric pollution suggests that chronic inhalation of polluted air in children does not contribute to asthma. Furthermore, the high figures for asthma in a region with a high level of gastrointestinal parasite infestation, and a high burden of acute respiratory infections occurring early in life, suggest that these factors, considered as protective in other regions, do not have the same effect in this region. The present study indicates that the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms in Latin America is as high and variable as described in industrialized or developed regions of the world.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Asthma control in Latin America: the Asthma Insights and Reality in Latin America (AIRLA) survey.(Pan American Health Organization, 2005-03-01)Objectives. The aims of this survey were (1) to assess the quality of asthma treatment and control in Latin America, (2) to determine how closely asthma management guidelines are being followed, and (3) to assess perception, knowledge and attitudes related to asthma in Latin America. Methods. We surveyed a household sample of 2 184 adults or parents of children with asthma in 2003 in 11 countries in Latin America. Respondents were asked about healthcare utilization, symptom severity, activity limitations and medication use. Results. Daytime asthma symptoms were reported by 56% of the respondents, and 51 % reported being awakened by their asthma at night. More than half of those surveyed had been hospitalized, attended a hospital emergency service or made unscheduled emergency visits to other healthcare facilities for asthma during the previous year. Patient perception of asthma control did not match symptom severity, even in patients with severe persistent asthma, 44.7% of whom regarded their disease as being well or completely controlled. Only 2.4% (2.3% adults and 2.6% children) met all criteria for asthma control. Although 37% reported treatment with prescription medications, only 6% were using inhaled corticosteroids. Most adults (79%) and children (68%) in this survey reported that asthma symptoms limited their activities. Absence from school and work was reported by 58% of the children and 31% of adults, respectively. Conclusions. Asthma control in Latin America falls short of goals in international guidelines, and in many aspects asthma care and control in Latin America suffer from the same shortcomings as in other areas of the world.Acceso abierto
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The International Study of Wheezing in Infants: questionnaire validation.(Karger AG, Basel, 2007-01-01)Background: There are no internationally validated questionnaires to investigate the prevalence of infant wheezing. This study was undertaken to validate a questionnaire for the International Study on the Prevalence of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). Material and Methods: Construct and criterion validity were tested for the question 'Has your baby had wheezing or whistling in the chest during his/her first 12 months of life?'. Construct validity (i.e. the ability of parents and doctors to refer to the same symptoms with the same words) was tested in a sample of 50 wheezing and 50 non-wheezy infants 12-15 months of age in each of 10 centres from 6 different Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking countries. Criterion validity (i.e. the ability of parents to correctly detect the symptom in the general population) was evaluated in 2 samples (Santiago, Chile and Cartagena, Spain) of 50 wheezing and 50 non-wheezing infants (according to parents) of the same age, randomly selected from the general population, who were later blindly diagnosed by a paediatric pulmonologist. Results: Construct validity was very high (κ test: 0.98-1) in all centres. According to Youden's index, criterion validity was good both in Cartagena (75.5%) and in Santiago (67.0%). Adding questions about asthma medication did not improve diagnosis accuracy. Conclusions: The EISL questionnaire significantly distinguished wheezy infants from healthy ones. This questionnaire has a strong validity and can be employed in large international multicentre studies on wheezing during infancy.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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Global variations in prevalence of eczema symptoms in children from ISAAC Phase Three.(Mosby Inc., 2009-12-01)Background: In 1999, The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One reported the prevalence of eczema symptoms in 715,033 children from 154 centers in 56 countries by using standardized epidemiologic tools. Objective: To update the world map of eczema prevalence after 5 to 10 years (ISAAC Phase Three) and include additional data from over 100 new centers. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys using the ISAAC questionnaire on eczema symptoms were completed by adolescents 13 to 14 years old and by parents of children 6 to 7 years old. Current eczema was defined as an itchy flexural rash in the past 12 months and was considered severe eczema if associated with 1 or more nights per week of sleep disturbance. Results: For the age group 6 to 7 years, data on 385,853 participants from 143 centers in 60 countries showed that the prevalence of current eczema ranged from 0.9% in India to 22.5% in Ecuador, with new data showing high values in Asia and Latin America. For the age group 13 to 14 years, data on 663,256 participants from 230 centers in 96 countries showed prevalence values ranging from 0.2% in China to 24.6% in Columbia with the highest values in Africa and Latin America. Current eczema was lower for boys than girls (odds ratio, 0.94 and 0.72 at ages 6 to 7 years and 13 to 14 years, respectively). Conclusion:ISAAC Phase Three provides comprehensive global data on the prevalence of eczema symptoms that is essential for public health planning. New data reveal that eczema is a disease of developing as well as developed countries.Acceso restringido temporalmente
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The impact of the method of consent on response rates in the ISAAC time trends study.(nternational Union against Tubercul. and Lung Dis., 2010-08-01)BACKGROUND: Centres in Phases I and III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) programme used the method of consent (passive or active) required by local ethics committees. METHODS: Retrospectively, relationships between achieved response rates and method of consent for 13-14 and 6-7-year-olds (adolescents and children, respectively), were examined between phases and between English and non-English language centres. RESULTS: Information was obtained for 113 of 115 centres for adolescents and 72/72 centres for children. Both age groups: most centres using passive consent achieved high response rates (>80% adolescents and >70% children). English language centres using active consent showed a larger decrease in response rate. Adolescents: seven centres changed from passive consent in Phase I to active consent in Phase III (median decrease of 13%), with five centres showing lower response rates (as low as 34%). Children: no centre changed consent method between phases. Centres using active consent had lower median response rates (lowest response rate 45%). CONCLUSION: The requirement for active consent for population school-based questionnaire studies can impact negatively on response rates, particularly English language centres, thus adversely affecting the validity of the data. Ethics committees need to consider this issue carefully.Acceso abierto
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Asthma and Rhinitis in South America: How Different They are From Other Parts of the World.(Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease, 2012-03-01)Asthma and rhinitis epidemiology has wide variations around the world. The aim of this review was verify the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis in South America and report differences from other regions of the world. We reviewed studies with International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology in South America, Phases I and III. In South America the ISAAC Phase I ranked four countries among top ten in prevalence of asthma and three countries among top ten in prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis. ISAAC Phase III showed little changes in asthma and rhinitis prevalence in South American countries. The prevalence increases of asthma and rhinitis in South American centers indicate that the burden of both is continuing to rise, but the differences in prevalence are lessening.Acceso abierto
