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Deficient Reporting and Interpretation of Non-Inferiority Randomized Clinical Trials in HIV Patients: A Systematic Review

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Authors
Hernández, Adrian V.
Pasupuleti, Vinay
Deshpande, Abhishek
Thota, Priyaleela
Collins, Jaime A.
Vidal, Jose E.
Issue Date
2014-04-30

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Citation
PLoS ONE 8(5): e63272
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Journal
PLoS ONE
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10757/316304
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0063272
Additional Links
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0063272
Abstract
Objectives: Non-inferiority (NI) randomized clinical trials (RCTs) commonly evaluate efficacy of new antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Their reporting and interpretation have not been systematically evaluated. We evaluated the reporting of NI RCTs in HIV patients according to the CONSORT statement and assessed the degree of misinterpretation of RCTs when NI was inconclusive or not established. Design: Systematic review. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were reviewed until December 2011. Selection and extraction was performed independently by three reviewers. Results: Of the 42 RCTs (n = 21,919; range 41–3,316) selected, 23 were in ARV-naı¨ve and 19 in ARV-experienced patients. Twenty-seven (64%) RCTs provided information about prior RCTs of the active comparator, and 37 (88%) used 2-sided CIs. Two thirds of trials used a NI margin between 10 and 12%, although only 12 explained the method to determine it. Blinding was used in 9 studies only. The main conclusion was based on both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses in 5 trials, on PP analysis only in 4 studies, and on ITT only in 31 studies. Eleven of 16 studies with NI inconclusive or not established highlighted NI or equivalence, and distracted readers with positive secondary results. Conclusions: There is poor reporting and interpretation of NI RCTs performed in HIV patients. Maximizing the reporting of the method of NI margin determination, use of blinding and both ITT and PP analyses, and interpreting negative NI according to actual primary findings will improve the understanding of results and their translation into clinical practice.
Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Language
eng
EISSN
1932-6203
Sponsors
This work was funded by the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic. The funders had no role in study design; data collection, analysis, or interpretation; in writing the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication. The researchers are all independent from the funding source.
ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1371/journal.pone.0063272
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Medicina

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