Aflatoxin Contamination of Red Chili Pepper From Bolivia and Peru, Countries with High Gallbladder Cancer Incidence Rates

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Authors
Asai, Takao
Tsuchiya, Yasuo
Okano, Kiyoshi
Piscoya, Alejandro
Yoshito Nishi, Carlos
Ikoma, Toshikazu
Oyama, Tomizo
Ikegami, Kikuo
Yamamoto, Masaharu
Issue Date
2014-01-08
Keywords
Gallbladder cancer
Risk factor
Consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxins
HPLC

Metadata
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Citation
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 13 (10), 5167-5170
Publisher
Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevetion
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10757/311040
DOI
10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.10.5167
Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Language
eng
Description
Chilean red chili peppers contaminated with aflatoxins were reported in a previous study. If the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Chile is associated with a high level of consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated red chili peppers, such peppers from other countries having a high GBC incidence rate may also be contaminated with aflatoxins. We aimed to determine whether this might be the case for red chili peppers from Bolivia and Peru. A total of 7 samples (3 from Bolivia, 4 from Peru) and 3 controls (2 from China, 1 from Japan) were evaluated. Aflatoxins were extracted with acetonitrile:water (9:1, v/v) and eluted through an immuno-affinity column. The concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then the detected aflatoxins were identified using HPLC-mass spectrometry. In some but not all of the samples from Bolivia and Peru, aflatoxin B1 or aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected. In particular, aflatoxin B1 or total aflatoxin concentrations in a Bolivian samples were above the maximum levels for aflatoxins in spices proposed by the European Commission. Red chili peppers from Bolivia and Peru consumed by populations having high GBC incidence rates would appear to be contaminated with aflatoxins. These data suggest the possibility that a high level of consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated red chili peppers is related to the development of GBC, and the association between the two should be confirmed by a case-control study.
ISSN
1513-7368 (print)
EISSN
1513-7368 (on line)
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