Mostrando ítems 1-20 de 2071

    • Call for emergency action to restore dietary diversity and protect global food systems in times of COVID-19 and beyond: Results from a cross-sectional study in 38 countries

      Hoteit, Maha; Hoteit, Reem; Aljawaldeh, Ayoub; Van Royen, Kathleen; Pabian, Sara; Decorte, Paulien; Cuykx, Isabelle; Teunissen, Lauranna; De Backer, Charlotte; Bergheim, Ina; Staltner, Raphaela; Devine, Amanda; Sambell, Ros; Wallace, Ruth; Allehdan, Sabika Salem; Alalwan, Tariq Abdulkarim; Al-Mannai, Mariam Ahamad; Ouvrein, Gaëlle; Poels, Karolien; Vandebosch, Heidi; Maldoy, Katrien; Matthys, Christophe; Smits, Tim; Vrinten, Jules; DeSmet, Ann; Teughels, Nelleke; Geuens, Maggie; Vermeir, Iris; Proesmans, Viktor; Hudders, Liselot; De Barcellos, Marcia Dutra; Ostermann, Cristina; Brock, Ana Luiza; Favieiro, Cynthia; Trizotto, Rafaela; Stangherlin, Isadora; Mafra, Anthonieta Looman; Correa Varella, Marco Antônio; Valentova, Jaroslava Varella; Fisher, Maryanne L.; MacEacheron, Melanie; White, Katherine; Habib, Rishad; Dobson, David S.; Schnettler, Berta; Orellana, Ligia; Miranda-Zapata, Edgardo; Wen-Yu Chang, Angela; Jiao, Wen; Liu, Matthew Tingchi; Grunert, Klaus G.; Christensen, Rikke Nyland; Reisch, Lucia; Janssen, Meike; Abril-Ulloa, Victoria; Encalada, Lorena; Kamel, Iman; Vainio, Annukka; Niva, Mari; Salmivaara, Laura; Mäkelä, Johanna; Torkkeli, Kaisa; Mai, Robert; Risch, Pamela Kerschke; Altsitsiadis, Efthymios; Stamos, Angelos; Antronikidis, Andreas; Henchion, Maeve; McCarthy, Sinead; McCarthy, Mary; Micalizzi, Alessandra; Schulz, Peter J.; Farinosi, Manuela; Komatsu, Hidenori; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Kubota, Hiromi; Tayyem, Reema; Al-Awwad, Narmeen J.; Al-Bayyari, Nahla; Ibrahim, Mohammed O.; Hammouh, Fadwa; Dashti, Somaia; Dashti, Basma; Alkharaif, Dhuha; Alshatti, Amani; Al Mazedi, Maryam; Mansour, Rania; Naim, Elissa; Mortada, Hussein; Gutierrez Gomez, Yareni Yunuen; Geyskens, Kelly; Goukens, Caroline; Roy, Rajshri; Egli, Victoria; Morenga, Lisa Te; Waly, Mostafa; Qasrawi, Radwan; Hamdan, Motasem; Sier, Rania Abu; Al Halawa, Diala Abu (Elsevier Ltd, 2023-11-01)
      Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the global food system, sending shockwaves across countries' societies and economy. This has presented formidable challenges to sustaining a healthy and resilient lifestyle. The objective of this study is to examine the food consumption patterns and assess diet diversity indicators, primarily focusing on the food consumption score (FCS), among households in 38 countries both before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 37 207 participants (mean age: 36.70 ± 14.79, with 77 % women) was conducted in 38 countries through an online survey administered between April and June 2020. The study utilized a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire to explore food consumption patterns both before and during the COVID-19 periods. Additionally, the study computed Food Consumption Score (FCS) as a proxy indicator for assessing the dietary diversity of households. Findings: This quantification of global, regional and national dietary diversity across 38 countries showed an increment in the consumption of all food groups but a drop in the intake of vegetables and in the dietary diversity. The household's food consumption scores indicating dietary diversity varied across regions. It decreased in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, including Lebanon (p < 0.001) and increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries including Bahrain (p = 0.003), Egypt (p < 0.001) and United Arab Emirates (p = 0.013). A decline in the household's dietary diversity was observed in Australia (p < 0.001), in South Africa including Uganda (p < 0.001), in Europe including Belgium (p < 0.001), Denmark (p = 0.002), Finland (p < 0.001) and Netherland (p = 0.027) and in South America including Ecuador (p < 0.001), Brazil (p < 0.001), Mexico (p < 0.0001) and Peru (p < 0.001). Middle and older ages [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.125–1.426] [OR = 2.5; 95 % CI = [1.951–3.064], being a woman [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.117–1.367], having a high education (p < 0.001), and showing amelioration in food-related behaviors [OR = 1.4; 95 % CI = [1.292–1.709] were all linked to having a higher dietary diversity. Conclusion: The minor to moderate changes in food consumption patterns observed across the 38 countries within relatively short time frames could become lasting, leading to a significant and prolonged reduction in dietary diversity, as demonstrated by our findings.
      Acceso abierto
    • Time-on-task effects on human pupillary and saccadic metrics after theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation over the frontal eye field

      Wang, Chin An; Muggleton, Neil G.; Chang, Yi Hsuan; Barquero, Cesar; Kuo, Ying Chun (Elsevier B.V., 2023-12-01)
      Pupil size undergoes constant changes primarily influenced by ambient luminance. These changes are referred to as the pupillary light reflex (PLR), where the pupil transiently constricts in response to light. PLR kinematics provides valuable insights into autonomic nervous system function and have significant clinical applications. Recent research indicates that attention plays a role in modulating the PLR, and the circuit involving the frontal eye field (FEF) and superior colliculus is causally involved in controlling this pupillary modulation. However, there is limited research exploring the role of the human FEF in these pupillary responses, and its impact on PLR metrics remains unexplored. Additionally, although the protocol of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) is well-established, the period of disruption after cTBS is yet to be examined in pupillary responses. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of FEF cTBS on pupillary and saccadic metrics in relation to time spent performing a task (referred to as time-on-task). We presented a bright stimulus to induce the PLR in visual- and memory-delay saccade tasks following cTBS over the right FEF or vertex. FEF cTBS, compared to vertex cTBS, resulted in decreased baseline pupil size, peak constriction velocities, and amplitude. Furthermore, the time-on-task effects on baseline pupil size, peak amplitude, and peak time differed between the two stimulation conditions. In contrast, the time-on-task effects on saccadic metrics were less pronounced between the two conditions. In summary, our study provides the first evidence that FEF cTBS affects human PLR metrics and that these effects are modulated by time-on-task.
      Acceso abierto
    • Respiratory, Cardiac, and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Postacute Sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Lima, Peru

      Rahman, Rifat S.; Tovar, Marco A.; Peinado, Jesús; Palomino, J. Santiago; Ramirez, Claudio; Llanos-Zavalaga, Fernando; Peralta, Ernesto; Valderrama, Gissela; Ramos Cordova, Lourdes B.; Sanchez Cortez, Lucero I.; Rodriguez, German; Lahood, Allison N.; Franke, Molly F.; Mitnick, Carole D.; Lecca, Leonid; Velásquez, Gustavo E. (Oxford University Press, 2023-07-01)
      Background: Few studies have examined the burden of postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PASC) in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to characterize PASC with self-reported questionnaires and clinical examinations of end-organ function in Lima, Peru. Methods: From January to July 2021, we recruited participants at least 8 weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis from a case registry in Lima, Peru. We evaluated participants for PASC with questionnaires, neuropsychiatric evaluations, chest X-ray, spirometry, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. We used multivariable models to identify risk factors for PASC. Results: We assessed 989 participants for PASC at a median 4.7 months after diagnosis. Clinically significant respiratory symptoms were reported by 68.3% of participants, particularly those who had been severely ill during acute COVID-19, and were associated with cardiac findings of ventricular hypertrophy or dilation on echocardiogram. Neuropsychiatric questionnaires were consistent with depression in 20.7% and cognitive impairment in 8.0%. Female sex and older age were associated with increased risk of respiratory (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.69-3.31] and aOR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.03], respectively) and neuropsychiatric sequelae (aOR, 2.99 [95% CI, 2.16-4.18] and aOR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.03], respectively). Conclusions: COVID-19 survivors in Lima, Peru, experienced frequent postacute respiratory symptoms and depression, particularly among older and female participants. Clinical examinations highlighted the need for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation among persons with severe COVID-19; psychosocial support may be required among all COVID-19 survivors.
      Acceso abierto
    • Diversity and dissemination of viruses in pathogenic protozoa

      Heeren, Senne; Maes, Ilse; Sanders, Mandy; Lye, Lon Fye; Adaui, Vanessa; Arevalo, Jorge; Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro; Garcia, Lineth; Lemey, Philippe; Beverley, Stephen M.; Cotton, James A.; Dujardin, Jean Claude; Van den Broeck, Frederik (Nature Research, 2023-12-01)
      Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and play a significant role in the evolution of many organisms and ecosystems. In pathogenic protozoa, the presence of viruses has been linked to an increased risk of treatment failure and severe clinical outcome. Here, we studied the molecular epidemiology of the zoonotic disease cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru and Bolivia through a joint evolutionary analysis of Leishmania braziliensis and their dsRNA Leishmania virus 1. We show that parasite populations circulate in tropical rainforests and are associated with single viral lineages that appear in low prevalence. In contrast, groups of hybrid parasites are geographically and ecologically more dispersed and associated with an increased prevalence, diversity and spread of viruses. Our results suggest that parasite gene flow and hybridization increased the frequency of parasite-virus symbioses, a process that may change the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in the region.
      Acceso abierto
    • The Role of a Chatbot Personality in the Attitude of Consumers Towards a Banking Brand

      Palomino, Natalia; Arbaiza, Francisco (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-01)
      In the recent years, it has been seen that brands have opted to implement chatbots as part of their digital customer service channels, especially since they can be hosted on social networks such as Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp. Although the use of this has become widespread, users perceive them as inefficient and of little credibility. The design of the personality of a chatbot arises as an alternative for the brand to generate a more human interaction with the user and show its brand values to generate a positive experience. In addition, a projected growth of the business value of chatbots for brands of 3.9 trillion dollars is estimated by 2022. For this reason, knowing how brands can rely on the correct implementation of the personality of a chatbot creating a positive influence on its users is important in a growing industry. The present research seeks to know how the personality of the chatbot influences the formation of consumer attitudes towards a brand. This exploratory study used a qualitative methodology of phenomenological design with young adults from Lima. Subsequently, it was analysed through descriptive coding. It was found that the social dynamics, the social role and the physique of the chatbot are the aspects that influence the attitude towards the brand and generate a feeling of trust and closeness between the chatbot and the brand.
      Acceso restringido temporalmente
    • Confidence when performing single root canal treatments of the 4th and 5th year students of the Dentistry at a Private University of Lima

      Valdez Sosa, A. F.; Ayma-León, V.; Caballero-García, Carmen Stefany (Ediciones Avances S.L., 2023-04-01)
      Objective: To determine the confidence when performing single root canal treatments of the 4th and 5th year students of the Dentistry at a Private University of Lima. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one dental students from a private university in Lima were evaluated through a survey of the article prepared by Davey to measure their confidence when performing single root canal treatment. Internal validity was verified through questionnaire translation processes, expert judgment and a pilot test. Adequate coefficient of Aiken’s V (0.91), Cronbach’s Alpha (0.89), and Spearman’s correlation (0.61) were obtained. Descriptive statistical measures were obtained (Mean, S.D, Median, and IQR) and for the bivariate analysis, U Mann Whitney’s, Kruskal Wa-llis, Dunn Test and Spearman’s Correlation tests were used. Results: Students had a high confidence score (8.51) when performing a single root canal treatment and the lowest scores were when determining the length of work and the obturation of the canals with an average of 8.19 and 8.01 respectively. Likewise, the variables as previous experience, perception of complication and having had difficulties were statistically significant. Finally, a positive correlation was found between the dimensions of the variable perception of teaching in endodontics (p=0.003) (p=0.000) (p=0.000) and the variable confidence. Conclusions: There is high confidence when performing single root canal treatment by the students of 4th and 5th year of the Dentistry career.
      Acceso restringido temporalmente
    • Protocol for a Randomized Trial Comparing Intracranial Pressure Monitor?Based Management of Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury with Management Based on Imaging and Clinical Examination Without Intracranial Pressure Monitoring

      Chesnut, Randall; Temkin, Nancy; Pridgeon, James; Sulzbacher, Stephen; Lujan, Silvia; Videtta, Walter; Moya-Barquín, Luis; Chaddock, Kelley; Bonow, Robert; Petroni, Gustavo; Guadagnoli, Nahuel; Hendrickson, Peter; Ramírez Cortez, Grimaldo; Carreazo, Nilton Yhuri; Vargas Aymituma, Alcides; Anchante, Daniel; Caqui, Patrick; Ramírez, Alberto; Munaico Abanto, Manuel; Ortiz Chicchon, Manuel; Cenzano Ramos, José; Mazate-Mazariegos, Analy; Castro Darce, María Del Carmen; Sierra Morales, Roberto; Brol Lopez, Pedro; Menendez, Willy; Posadas Gutierrez, Sofía; Kevin, Vicente; Mazariegos, Andrea; De Leon, Elie; Rodas Barrios, Rodolfo Enrique; Rodríguez, Sandra; Flores, Sandra; Alvarado, Ovidio; Guzman Flores, Luis José; Moisa Martinez, Melvin; Gonzalez, Pablo (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications CODEN NRSRD, 2023-07-06)
      BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global public health problem. It is a leading cause of death and disability in children and adolescents worldwide. Although increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is common and associated with death and poor outcome after pediatric TBI, the efficacy of current ICP-based management remains controversial. We intend to provide Class I evidence testing the efficacy of a protocol based on current ICP monitor-based management vs care based on imaging and clinical examination without ICP monitoring in pediatric severe TBI. METHODS: A phase III, multicenter, parallel-group, randomized superiority trial performed in intensive care units in Central and South America to determine the impact on 6-month outcome of children aged 1-12 years with severe TBI (age-Appropriate Glasgow Coma Scale score ?8) randomized to ICP-based or non-ICP-based management. EXPECTED OUTCOMES: Primary outcome is 6-month Pediatric Quality of Life. Secondary outcomes are 3-month Pediatric Quality of Life, mortality, 3-month and 6-month Pediatric extended Glasgow Outcome Score, intensive care unit length of stay, and number of interventions focused on treating measured or suspected intracranial hypertension. DISCUSSION: This is not a study of the value of knowing the ICP in sTBI. This research question is protocol-based. We are investigating the added value of protocolized ICP management to treatment based on imaging and clinical examination in the global population of severe pediatric TBI. Demonstrating efficacy should standardize ICP monitoring in severe pediatric TBI. Alternate results should prompt reassessment of how and in which patients ICP data should be applied in neurotrauma care.
      Acceso restringido temporalmente
    • Association between supplementation with vitamin A, iron and micronutrients with adequate psychomotor development in children from 9 to 36 months in Peru

      Chaponan-Lavalle, Andres; Randich, Karla Hernandez; Araujo-Castillo, Roger V. (Elsevier B.V., 2023-11-01)
      Background: Worldwide, it is estimated that 52.9 million children <5 years of age experience delayed psychomotor development, which is associated with multiple factors. Our primary objective is to evaluate whether there is an association between supplementation with Vitamin A, Iron, and Micronutrients and Adequate Psychomotor Development in children aged 9–36 months at the national level in Peru. Methods: The study was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study based on the secondary analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey databases from 2018 to 2020. The independent variables include the consumption of Vitamin A, Iron, and Micronutrients. The dependent variables encompass Motor Development in children aged 9–18 months, Psychological Development in children aged 9–18 months, and Psychological Development in children aged 19–36 months. Results: The study included a total of 24 838 participants. In the adjusted regression model, the factors associated with adequate motor development between 9 and 18 months of age were: region of residence, overcrowding, and exclusive breastfeeding. For adequate cognitive development between 9 and 18 months of age, the associated factors were: vitamin A consumption, mother's education, child sex, delivery complications, and complete vaccinations. Regarding adequate psychological development in children aged 19–36 months, the associated factors were: mother's education, maternal employment, child sex, and birth weight. Conclusions: There was no association found between nutritional supplementation and adequate development, except for the relationship between Vitamin A consumption and adequate psychological development in children aged 9–18 months. Therefore, further research, such as cohort studies and clinical trials, is suggested to corroborate this association.
      Acceso abierto
    • Test of Invariance of the Anomie Brief Scale with the Alignment Method in 12 Latin American Countries

      Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás; Vilca, Lindsey W.; Venturaleón, José; Carbajal-León, Carlos; Valencia, Pablo D.; Reyesbossio, Mario; Delgado-Campusano, Mariel; Yupanquilorenzo, Daniel E.; Paredes-Angeles, Rubí; Rojas-Jara, Claudio; Gallegos, Miguel; Cervigni, Mauricio; Martino, Pablo; Polanco-Carrasco, Roberto; Palacios, Diego Alejandro; Moretaherrera, Rodrigo; Samaniego-Pinho, Antonio; Lobos-Rivera, Marlon Elías; Figares, Andrés Buschiazzo; Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena; Corrales-Reyes, Ibraín Enrique; Calderón, Raymundo; Gallegos, Walter L.Arias; Petzold, Olimpia; Camargo, Andrés; Torales, Julio; Arkangel Monge Blanco, J.; González, Pedronel; Smithcastroa, Vanessa; Rivera, Wendy Yamilet Matute; Ferrufinoborja, Daniela; Ceballos-Vásquez, Paula; Muñoz-Del-carpiotoia, Agueda; Palacios, Jorge; Burgos-Videla, Carmen; León, Ana María Eduviges Florez; Vergara, Ibeth; Vega, Diego; Schulmeyer, Marion K. (2023-01-01)
      The Social Anomie Brief Scale (SAS10) is a self-report measure of social anomie against new social standards implemented during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the invariance of the cross-cultural measurement of the SAS10 in a sample of 12 Latin American countries. Additionally, the difficulty and discrimination characteristics of the items were evaluated using the IRT and social anomie was compared between the participating countries. A total of 4,911 people from 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela) selected by non-probabilistic snowball sampling participated. The results indicated that the original two-factor model of the SAS10 shows estimation problems and low fit indices in several countries. However, a model of two related dimensions (behavioral and affective) of nine items (SAS-9) presented adequate fit indices in all countries. This model presents adequate estimation of reliability and approximate cross-cultural measurement invariance. Peru was the country with the highest score in the behavioral dimension of social anomie; while Venezuela and Bolivia presented the highest scores in the affective dimension. Mexico was one of the countries with the lowest anomie scores. The results of the IRT would indicate that the characteristics of the SAS-9 items were appropriate. It is concluded that the SAS-9 has shown good psychometric properties when evaluated in 12 Latin American countries and can be used in future studies that compare social anomie cross-culturally.
      Acceso abierto
    • Adaptation of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) in Spanish

      Copez-Lonzoy, Anthony; Vallejos-Flores, Miguel; Capa-Luque, Walter; Salas-Blas, Edwin; Montero Doig, Ana María; Dias, Paulo C.; Bazo-Alvarez, Juan Carlos (Elsevier B.V., 2023-11-01)
      The impact of social networks on people's daily lives is worrisome, particularly in adolescents and young people, who seem to exceed the limits of normal use. Constant excessive use can lead to pathological behaviors linked to social media addiction (SMA). Our objectives were to 1) adapt the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) to Spanish and 2) evaluate its psychometric properties in a young population. The BSMAS was adapted to Spanish, involving experts on social media addiction and people from the target population during the adaptation process. For the psychometric evaluation, 650 Peruvian college students responded to the Spanish version (53.5 % women aged 18 to 40, M = 21.5 SD = 2.7). The one-dimensional measurement model proposed for the original BSMAS was confirmed for our version (X2(9) = 23.9315, CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.990, SRMR = 0.032, RMSEA = 0.061). The reliability was good (α = 0.863; 95 % CI: 0.848–0.870; ω = 0.864; 95 % CI: 0.846–0.844), and the measurement invariance was confirmed for sex and age by fitting models. The concurrent validity with external social media addiction and mental health indicators was also confirmed. This study provides new and relevant information on the BSMAS validity and allows its application to Spanish-speaker college students from Peru and similar countries.
      Acceso abierto
    • Cross-cultural invariance of the Spanish version of the COVID-19 Assessment Scorecard to measure the perception of government actions against COVID-19 in Latin America

      Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás; Valencia, Pablo D.; Ventura-León, José; Carbajal-León, Carlos; Vilca, Lindsey W.; Reyes-Bossio, Mario; Delgado-Campusano, Mariel; Yupanqui-Lorenzo, Daniel E.; Paredes-Angeles, Rubí; Rojas-Jara, Claudio; Gallegos, Miguel; Cervigni, Mauricio; Martino, Pablo; Polanco-Carrasco, Roberto; Palacios, Diego Alejandro; Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo; Samaniego-Pinho, Antonio; Lobos Rivera, Marlon Elías; Buschiazzo Figares, Andrés; Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena; Corrales-Reyes, Ibraín Enrique; Calderón, Raymundo; Arias Gallegos, Walter L.; Petzold, Olimpia; Camargo, Andrés; Torales, Julio; Monge Blanco, J. Arkangel; González, Pedronel; Smith-Castro, Vanessa; Matute Rivera, Wendy Yamilet; Ferrufino-Borja, Daniela; Ceballos-Vásquez, Paula; Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia, Agueda; Palacios, Jorge; Burgos-Videla, Carmen; Florez León, Ana María Eduviges; Vergara, Ibeth; Vega, Diego; Barria-Asenjo, Nicol A.; Schulmeyer, Marion K.; Urrutia Rios, Hassell Tatiana; Lira Lira, Arelly Esther (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-12-01)
      Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of a general measure of the perception of governmental responses to COVID-|19 (COVID-SCORE-10) in the general population of 13 Latin American countries. Methods: A total of 5780 individuals from 13 Latin American and Caribbean countries selected by non-probabilistic snowball sampling participated. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the alignment method was used to evaluate invariance. Additionally, a graded response model was used for the assessment of item characteristics. Results: The results indicate that there is approximate measurement invariance of the COVID-SCORE-10 among the participating countries. Furthermore, IRT results suggest that the COVID-SCORE-10 measures with good psychometric ability a broad spectrum of the construct assessed, especially around average levels. Comparison of COVID-SCORE-10 scores indicated that participants from Cuba, Uruguay and El Salvador had the most positive perceptions of government actions to address the pandemic. Thus, the underlying construct of perception of government actions was equivalent in all countries. Conclusion: The results show the importance of initially establishing the fundamental measurement properties and MI before inferring the cross-cultural universality of the construct to be measured.
      Acceso abierto
    • Maintenance in relationships, satisfaction, jealousy, and violence in young couples: a network analysis

      Ventura-León, José; Lino-Cruz, Cristopher; Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomas; Córdova-Robles, Christian (BioMed Central Ltd, 2023-12-01)
      Background: The study explores the associations among Relationship Maintenance, Satisfaction, Jealousy, and Violence in young Peruvian couples, particularly in a post-pandemic context, using a network analysis. Methods: Eight hundred thirty-two participants aged 18–30 (M = 20.94, SD = 2.29), with 645 females (77.50%) and 187 males (22.50%), were involved. The study aimed to discern relationships among network nodes, emphasizing the link between Relationship Maintenance dimensions and Jealousy and Violence. The research also sought the central node in the network and examined gender-specific node connections, using the SMOTE algorithm for gender data balance. Results: Findings revealed a direct connection between Complementarity and Jealousy, implying intense shared interests can lead to unhealthy dependence. An inverse relationship was seen between Companionship and Violence. Satisfaction was pivotal, showcasing its importance in romantic relationship success. Additionally, the study shows men prioritize Companionship and Sharing, possibly due to cultural norms, while women focus on the Companionship-Complementarity bond, indicating mutual support. Conclusions: The research emphasizes the critical role of maintenance variables in determining Satisfaction, Jealousy, and Violence in relationships. The pandemic's influence on romantic dynamics is evident, emphasizing the importance of Satisfaction. Future studies should focus on gender equity and further explore these relationships.
      Acceso abierto
    • Intention to receive the monkeypox vaccine and its psychological and sociodemographic predictors: a cross-sectional survey in the general population of Peru

      Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás; Valencia, Pablo D.; Ventura-León, José; Carbajal-León, Carlos; Vilca, Lindsey W.; Gallegos, Miguel; Reyes-Bossio, Mario; Noe-Grijalva, Martin; Delgado-Campusano, Mariel; del Carpio Toia, Águeda Muñoz; Torales, Julio; Barria-Asenjo, Nicol A. (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-12-01)
      Objective: The objective of this study was to identify predictors of intention to be vaccinated against Monkeypox (Mpox) in a sample of Peruvian citizens. Methods: A set of sociodemographic and psychological predictors were used, such as sex, sexual orientation, educational level, previous diagnosis of COVID-19, marital status, complete vaccination against COVID-19, employment status, living with vulnerable people, presence of chronic disease, area of residence, perceived usefulness of COVID-19 vaccines, fear of Mpox, conspiracy beliefs about Mpox, among others. A total of 472 Peruvian adults participated, selected by non-probabilistic snowball convenience sampling. A sociodemographic survey, the Mpox Fear Scale, was used. Conspiracy Beliefs about Mpox was assessed using three questions created specifically for this study. For inferential purposes, simple ordinal regressions ("crude models") were performed between each factor and the outcome. Results: Regarding their intention to be vaccinated against Mpox, more than 60% expressed clear approval. Being non-heterosexual, having greater emotional fear of Mpox, and perceiving some potential for this disease to become the next pandemic were related to greater intention to vaccinate. On the other hand, being older, having low perceived usefulness of COVID-19 vaccines, and having higher conspiracy beliefs about Mpox were associated with lower intention to vaccinate. Conclusion: The study provides initial information for future research seeking to better analyze Mpox vaccination intention. In addition, cross-sectional data are provided that can be used to develop public health policies that target subgroups with low prevalence of intention to vaccinate against Mpox.
      Acceso restringido temporalmente
    • Use of mobile devices in the promotion of health and well-being in young university students

      Pera, Lidia Ysabel Pareja; Dávila-Morán, Roberto Carlos; Soto, Juan Manuel Sánchez; Quezada, Dimna Zoila Alfaro; Nizama, José Leonor Ruiz; Castillo-Sáenz, Rafael Alan; Velarde Dávila, Leonardo; García-Huamantumba, Elvira; Saldaña Ponte, Apolinar; Pasquel Cajas, Alexander Frank (Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2023-01-01)
      Introduction: in the digital age we live in, mobile devices (DMs) have become a fundamental extension of our lives, and college students are no exception. Young university students are increasingly turning to their MD as multifunctional tools to address aspects related to their physical, emotional and social well-being. Objective: to characterize the use of DM in the promotion of health and well-being in young university students. Methods: the study is cross-sectional with a quantitative approach and a non-experimental design, basic type and descriptive level was adopted. The sample was census made up of 89 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of a public university in Trujillo, Peru. To collect the data, the survey and the questionnaire were used. Results: regarding the use of DM, it was reported that 61,80 % (55) specified a moderate level of use, 21,35 % (19) a high level, and 16,85 % indicated a low level. Therefore, the use of DM motivates them to maintain an active and healthy lifestyle, which may be essential to maintain a constant exercise routine. Conclusions: it was possible to specify a moderate level in the use of DM, which suggests that they find a balance between the use of DM for activities such as monitoring physical activity, stress management, access to health information and participation in online communities related to health and wellness.
      Acceso abierto
    • Impact of remote work on the occupational health of healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic

      Dávila-Morán, Roberto Carlos; Castillo-Sáenz, Rafael Alan; Vargas-Murillo, Alfonso Renato; Dávila, Leonardo Velarde; Nizama, José Leonor Ruiz; Quezada, Dimna Zoila Alfaro; Pareja, Carla Giuliana Guanilo; Soto, Juan Manuel Sánchez; Cajas, Renzo Fidel Pasquel; Bravo, Veronica Tomasa Cajas (Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2023-01-01)
      Introduction: since the appearance of Covid-19, remote work was implemented in different occupations on a global scale, aiming to continue with the development of activities. In this sense, occupational health was affected in different ways, especially in the case of health workers. Objective: analyze the impact of remote work on the occupational health of healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: the study had a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, and correlational scope. There was a sample of 35 health professionals from a public institution in Lima, Peru. The questionnaire had 28 questions, with a Likert-type scale for the answers. Results: the participants expressed that there is a 45,7 % very good level of remote work and 37,1 % a regular level of occupational health. In addition, the existence of a moderate negative correlation between remote work and occupational health was verified, with r=-0,516 and sig<0,001. Conclusions: a very good level of perception of remote work was obtained, but a regular level in occupational health. In addition, it was verified that remote work has a negative impact on the occupational health of health workers, in the context of the Covid-19 crisis. This serves as a foundation for future emergencies as well as improving the adoption of remote work and its impact on occupational health.
      Acceso abierto
    • Analysis of the perception of health professionals regarding the incorporation of emerging technologies in their practice

      Infantes, Manuel Silva; Soto, Juan Manuel Sánchez; Montalvo, Milagros Amparo Astete; Nizama, José Leonor Ruiz; Dávila, Leonardo Velarde; Dávila-Morán, Roberto Carlos; Quezada, Dimna Zoila Alfaro; Cajas, Alexander Frank Pasquel (Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2023-01-01)
      Introduction: healthcare is currently in the midst of a technology-driven revolution. Emerging technologies (ETs) are disrupting the practice of healthcare professionals in ways that once seemed futuristic, but are now an everyday reality in clinics and hospitals around the world. Objective: to analyze the perception of health professionals regarding the incorporation of emerging technologies in their practice. Methods: it is a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study, whose sample was 107 health professionals who work in different health centers in Lima. The survey technique was used and the instrument was the questionnaire. Results: the participants perceived the incorporation and use of TE in their practice by 63,55 % (68) at a moderate level, 20,56 % (22) reported a high level, while 15,89 % indicated a low level. Conclusions: it was possible to specify a moderate level in the incorporation and use of TE, suggesting an intermediate position in technological adoption in medical care. This provides a solid foundation for future advances and improvements in the implementation of TE in medical practice.
      Acceso abierto
    • Biochemical and hemostatic description of a thrombin-like enzyme TLBro from Bothrops roedingeri snake venom

      Vilca-Quispe, Augusto; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Gomes Heleno, Mauricio Aurelio; Ponce-Fuentes, Emilio Alberto; Vera-Gonzales, Corina; Zegarra-Aragon, Herly Fredy Enrique; Aquino-Puma, Juan Luis; Talavera-Núñez, María Elena; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Ponce-Soto, Luis Alberto (Frontiers Media SA, 2023-01-01)
      Objective: The current study’s objective is to characterize a new throm-bin-like enzyme called TLBro that was obtained from Bothrops roedingeris snake from a biochemical and hemostatic perspective. Methodology: One chromatographic step was used to purify it, producing the serine protease TLBro. Molecular mass was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be between reduced and unreduced by 35 kDa. Tryptic peptide sequencing using Swiss Prot provided the complete amino acid sequence. Expasy.org by conducting a search that is limited to Crotalinae snake serine proteases and displaying a high degree of amino acid sequence. Results: Ser (182) is inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and TLBro demonstrated the presence of Asp (88) residues. It also deduced the positions of His (43) and Ser (182) in the set of three coordinated amino acids in serine proteases. It was discovered that this substrate had high specificity for BANA, Michaelis-Menten behavior with KM 0 point85 mM and Vmax 1 point89 nmoles -NA/L/min, and high stability between temperatures (15 to 70°C) and pHs (2 point0 to 10 point0). According to doses and incubation times, TLBro degraded fibrin preferentially on the B-chain; additionally, its activities were significantly diminished after preincubation with divalent ions (Zn2 and Cd2). When incubated with PMSF, a particular serine protease inhibitor, enzymatic activities and platelet aggregation were inhibited. Conclusion: The findings revealed distinct structural and functional differences between the serine proteases, adding to the information and assisting in the improvement of the structure-function relationship.
      Acceso abierto
    • Linking tonic and phasic pupil responses to P300 amplitude in an emotional face-word Stroop task

      Chang, Yi Hsuan; Chen, He Jun; Barquero, Cesar; Tsai, Hsu Jung; Liang, Wei Kuang; Hsu, Chun Hsien; Muggleton, Neil G.; Wang, Chin An (John Wiley and Sons Inc CODEN PSPHA, 2024-04-01)
      The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system, which regulates arousal levels, is important for cognitive control, including emotional conflict resolution. Additionally, the LC-NE system is implicated in P300 generation. If the P300 is mediated by the LC-NE system, and considering the established correlations between LC activity and pupil dilation, P300 amplitude should correlate with task-evoked (phasic) pupil dilation on a trial-by-trial basis. However, prior studies, predominantly utilizing oddball-type paradigms, have not demonstrated correlations between concurrently recorded task-evoked pupil dilation and P300 responses. Using a recently developed emotional face-word Stroop task that links pupil dilation to the LC-NE system, here, we examined both intra- and inter-individual correlations between task-evoked pupil dilation and P300 amplitude. We found that lower accuracy, slower reaction times, and larger task-evoked pupil dilation were obtained in the incongruent compared to the congruent condition. Furthermore, we observed intra-individual correlations between task-evoked pupil dilation and P300 amplitude, with larger pupil dilation correlating with a greater P300 amplitude. In contrast, pupil dilation did not exhibit consistent correlations with N450 and N170 amplitudes. Baseline (tonic) pupil size also showed correlations with P300 and N170 amplitudes, with smaller pupil size corresponding to larger amplitude. Moreover, inter-individual differences in task-evoked pupil dilation between the congruent and incongruent conditions correlated with differences in reaction time and P300 amplitude, though these effects only approached significance. To summarize, our study provides evidence for a connection between task-evoked pupil dilation and P300 amplitude at the single-trial level, suggesting the involvement of the LC-NE system in P300 generation.
      Acceso restringido temporalmente
    • ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SCREEN TIME AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PERFORMED BY SCHOOLCHILDREN IN METROPOLITAN LIMA DURING THE STATE OF EMERGENCY DUE TO COVID-19

      Alegre-Navarro, Y.; Sánchez-Yaipén, N.; Uriarte-Delgado, M.; Bravo-Cucci, S. (Didactic Asociation Andalucia, 2023-09-01)
      Nowadays in the pandemic of Covid-19, it is important to know the ravages of the state of emergency in schoolchildren. For this reason, this cross-sectional analytical study aims to determine the association between screen time and the level of physical activity (PA). A total of 169 primary school students from Metropolitan Lima participated. They were evaluated through the screen time questionnaire, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and a sociodemographic report. The results indicate that 52.1% gained weight during the pandemic and 62.7% of students used screens for more than 5 hours on a typical day from Monday to Friday. The PAQ-C determined that 74.6% did not comply with the recommended physical activity times (AF-NR= < 2.73). In this study, no statistical association was found between children's screen time and meeting recommended physical activity levels. However, variables such as the number of siblings, having had household members with Covid-19 symptoms, and the time per week receiving remote PA workshops were found to be associated with PA-NR.
      Acceso abierto
    • Relationship Maintenance Scale in Young Couples: Validity Evidence and Reliability of a Short Scale in Peru

      Ventura-León, José; Lino-Cruz, Cristopher; Carbajal‑León, Carlos; Peña-Calero, Brian Norman (Routledge CODEN JSMTB, 2023-01-01)
      Relationship maintenance has shifted from understudied to extensively researched in the past two decades due to its close association with satisfaction. This study aimed to validate the Relationship Maintenance Scale (EMP) in a sample of young adults in Lima. The sample included 899 participants aged 18–25 (Mean = 20.67, SD = 2.54); 690 females (76.80%) and 209 males (23.20%), all in relationships of at least three months (Mean = 22.05, SD = 19.95). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to determine the EMP’s structure, with Omega coefficient (ω) estimating reliability. Results indicated a four-factor structure for EMP, removing items 8, 9, 12, and 14, demonstrating good fit (SRMR =.043; CFI =.977; TLI =.971; RMSEA =.058). EMP showed acceptable reliability across factors: Companionship (ω =.78), Affectivity (ω =.83), Complementarity (ω =.77), and Shared interaction (ω =.70), with the latter being less stable. EMP correlated as expected with relationship satisfaction (r ≥.50). In conclusion, EMP is a valid and reliable instrument for future Spanish studies, with further research on psychometric properties recommended.
      Acceso restringido temporalmente